PURPOSE To determine longitudinal change of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in patients with high myopia without ophthalmic disease. DESIGN Prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS Participants were divided into 2 groups: a high myopia group (80 eyes) that included eyes with an axial length ≥26.0 mm and a control group (80 eyes) that included eyes with a spherical equivalent (SE) between +3.0 and -6.0 diopters (D). Both groups were further divided into age subgroups by decade: 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s. Each subgroup included 20 eyes. METHODS After the initial visit, pRNFL thickness measurements were performed 2 times more with at least 1-year intervals between examinations using spectral-domain OCT. The mean pRNFL thickness was fitted with linear mixed models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The pRNFL thickness and rate of pRNFL thickness reduction. RESULTS The mean patient age and thickness of the pRNFL at the first visit were 39.5±12.5 years and 90.16±9.06 μm, and 41.5±12.2 years and 96.80±9.50 μm in the high myopia and control groups, respectively. The high myopia group showed a significant reduction in mean pRNFL thickness between the first and second visits, and between the second and third visits (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). For individuals aged 50 to 59 years, the reduction rate was -1.69 and -0.63 μm/year in the high myopia and control groups, respectively; the interaction between group and duration was significant (P = 0.014). The reduction rate in individuals aged 40 to 49 years was -1.70 and -0.48 μm/year in the 2 groups, respectively; the interaction was also significant (P = 0.031). Among those aged 30 to 39 years and 20 to 29 years, no such significant interactions were observed (-0.95 vs. -0.57 μm/year, P = 0.086 and -0.31 vs. -0.19 μm/year, P = 0.858, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Highly myopic eyes had a significantly greater decrease in pRNFL over 2 years than normal eyes. In addition, the reduction rate of pRNFL thickness was greater in older patients with high myopia, whereas similar values were shown in normal controls except individuals aged 20 to 29 years.

中文翻译：

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高度近视眼中视网膜乳头视网膜神经纤维层厚度的纵向变化：一项前瞻性观察研究。

目的确定无眼病的高度近视患者的视神经乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层（pRNFL）厚度的纵向变化。设计前瞻性观察研究。参加者分为两组：高度近视组（80眼），其中眼轴长度≥26.0 mm；对照组（80眼），其球面等效眼球（SE）在+3.0到-6.0之间屈光度（D）。两组均按年龄进一步分为年龄组：20s，30s，40s和50s。每个亚组包括20只眼睛。方法初次就诊后，使用频谱域OCT在两次检查之间至少间隔1年，进行两次pRNFL厚度测量。pRNFL的平均厚度与线性混合模型拟合。主要观察指标pRNFL厚度和pRNFL厚度减少率。结果高度近视组和对照组中，初诊时pRNFL的平均患者年龄和厚度分别为39.5±12.5岁和90.16±9.06μm，以及41.5±12.2岁和96.80±9.50μm。高度近视组显示在第一次和第二次就诊之间以及第二次和第三次就诊之间的平均pRNFL厚度显着降低（分别为P <0.001和P = 0.002）。对于高龄近视组和对照组，年龄在50至59岁之间的个体的减少率分别为-1.69和-0.63μm/年；组和持续时间之间的相互作用是显着的（P = 0.014）。两组中40至49岁的个体的减少率分别为-1.70和-0.48μm/年；相互作用也很显着（P = 0.031）。在30至39岁和20至29岁的年龄组中，未观察到如此显着的相互作用（分别为-0.95对-0.57μm/年，P = 0.086和-0.31对-0.19μm/年，P = 0.858） 。结论高度近视眼在2年内的pRNFL下降明显大于正常眼。此外，在高度近视的老年患者中，pRNFL厚度的减少率更高，而正常对照者的年龄在20至29岁之间则显示出相似的值。