High fluoride content in the natural water sources is a serious matter of concern and adsorption is recommended as one of the most convenient, affordable and widely applied defluorination technologies. In this study, a novel composite was synthesized by impregnating magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zirconium (Zr) on powdered activated carbon (AC) for effective fluoride adsorption and the synthesis was made using sonochemical method. The characterization of the prepared adsorbent AC-Mg-Mn-Zr along with individual metal composites AC-Zr, AC-Mg and AC-Mn were done by SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD and BET analysis to understand the major functional bonds, and changes in surface chemistry after adsorption. The mechanism of the process was discussed through major reactions involved for individual metals. Due to high point of zero charge (pH_PZC=11.9), the adsorbent was able to remove more than 96% of fluoride consistently with only 1 g/L of optimum adsorbent dosage for a wide pH range (2 to 10). The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 26.27 mg/g within an equilibrium time of 3 h. More than 96% energy saving was achieved in the sonochemical synthesis route compared to conventional precipitation method of synthesis.

天然水中的氟化物含量高是一个值得关注的严重问题，因此建议将吸附作为最便捷，可负担且应用最广泛的脱氟技术之一。在这项研究中，通过在粉末状活性炭（AC）上浸渍镁（Mg），锰（Mn）和锆（Zr）来合成新型复合材料，以有效地吸附氟化物，并使用声化学方法进行合成。通过SEM，EDX，FTIR，XRD和BET分析对所制备的吸附剂AC-Mg-Mn-Zr以及各个金属复合物AC-Zr，AC-Mg和AC-Mn进行表征，以了解主要的功能键和吸附后表面化学变化。通过涉及单个金属的主要反应讨论了该过程的机理。由于零电荷的高点（pH_PZC = 11.9），在宽的pH范围（2至10）范围内，吸附剂能够始终如一地去除96％以上的氟化物，而最佳吸附剂剂量仅为1 g / L。在3小时的平衡时间内获得的最大吸附容量为26.27 mg / g。与常规的沉淀合成方法相比，声化学合成路线实现了超过96％的节能。