The potential reinforcing effect of graphene on calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) for injectable bone substitutes and scaffolds is presented. The influence of graphene (0–3.84 vol%) on the microstructural development during setting and the resultant mechanical properties of CPCs constituted by α + β-tricalcium phosphate is analysed. Optimum setting conditions were established using uniaxial compression strength of CPC and composites with pristine and functionalized graphene and liquid/solid ratios (L/S = 0.5–0.6 mL/g) that allowed the mixing and spatulation of the powders. Tensile strength of optimised materials has been determined using the Diametric Compression of Discs Test (DCDT). X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and FE-SEM-EDS on fracture surfaces were used to investigate phase composition and morphological changes in set specimens. Strengthening occurs for functionalized graphene additions up to 1.96 vol% due to different toughening mechanisms. Crack deflection, bridging and branching by graphene and, finally, the pull-out of the unbroken graphene sheets have been identified. Interlayer sliding between the graphene before pulling-out is an additional toughening process. Main effect of graphene on strength is the increase of reliability.

提出了石墨烯对可注射骨替代物和支架的磷酸钙水泥（CPC）的潜在增强作用。分析了石墨烯（0–3.84 vol％）对凝固过程中显微组织发展的影响以及由α+β-磷酸三钙构成的CPC的最终力学性能。最佳设置条件是使用CPC和具有原始和功能化石墨烯的复合材料以及液/固比（L / S = 0.5–0.6 mL / g）的单轴压缩强度确定的，以允许粉末的混合和散粒化。优化的材料的拉伸强度已使用“盘片直径压缩测试”（DCDT）确定。用X射线衍射，拉曼光谱和断裂表面的FE-SEM-EDS来研究凝固试样的相组成和形态变化。由于不同的增韧机理，功能化石墨烯添加量高达1.96体积％时会发生增韧。石墨烯的裂纹偏转，桥接和支化，以及最后发现未破碎的石墨烯片的拉出。拔出前石墨烯之间的层间滑动是另外的增韧过程。石墨烯对强度的主要影响是可靠性的提高。