All-optical methods enable the control and monitoring of neuronal activity with minimal perturbation of the system. Although imaging and optogenetic manipulations can be performed at cellular resolution, the morphology of single cells in a dense neuronal population has often remained unresolvable. Here we describe in detail two recently established optogenetic protocols for systematic description of function and morphology of single neurons in zebrafish. First, the Optobow toolbox allows unbiased mapping of excitatory functional connectivity. Second, the FuGIMA technique enables selective labeling and anatomical tracing of neurons that are responsive to a given sensory stimulus or correlated with a specific behavior. Both strategies can be genetically targeted to a neuronal population of choice using the Gal4/UAS system. As these in vivo approaches are non-invasive, we envision useful applications for the study of neuronal structure, function and connectivity during development and behavior.

中文翻译：

---

揭示单个神经元的形式、功能和连通性的光遗传学精密工具包

全光学方法能够以最小的系统扰动控制和监测神经元活动。尽管可以在细胞分辨率下进行成像和光遗传学操作，但密集神经元群中的单个细胞的形态通常仍然无法解析。在这里，我们详细描述了两个最近建立的用于系统描述斑马鱼单个神经元的功能和形态的光遗传学协议。首先，Optobow 工具箱允许对兴奋性功能连接进行无偏映射。其次，FuGIMA 技术能够选择性标记和解剖追踪对给定感官刺激有反应或与特定行为相关的神经元。这两种策略都可以使用 Gal4/UAS 系统在遗传上针对所选神经元群。