Hydrogel with good mechanical and biological properties has great potential and promise for biomedical applications. Here we fabricated a series of novel cytocompatible chitosan (CS) based double-network (DN) and triple-network (TN) hydrogels by physically-chemically crosslinking methods. Natural polysaccharide CS with abundant resources was chosen as the first network due to its good antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility and easy cross-linking reaction. Zwitterionic sulfopropylbetaine (PDMAPS) was chosen as the second network due its good biocompatibility, antimicrobial and antifouling properties. And nonionic poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) was chosen as the final network due to its good biocompatibility, excellent nonfouling and mechanical properties. Cross-section SEM images showed that both CS/PHEA (DN₁, the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to structural unit of CS is 0.2/3.0) and CS/PDMAPS/PHEA (TN₁, the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to structural unit of CS is 0.2/3.0) hydogels exhibited a smooth and uniformly dispersed porous microstructures with pore size distribution in the range of 20~100 μm. The largest compressive stress and tensile stress of DN₁ hydrogels reached 84.7 MPa and 292 kPa, respectively, and largest compressive stress and tensile stress of TN₁ hydrogels could reach 81.9 MPa and 384 kPa, respectively. Moreover, the value of failure strain for TN₁ gels reached 1020 %. Besides excellent mechanical properties, DN₁ and TN₁ gels exhibited good antimicrobial, cytocompatible and antifouling properties due to introduction of antimicrobial chitosan, cell anti-adhesive PDMAPS and PHEA. The combination of the excellent mechanical and biological properties of multiple network hydrogels can provide a potential pathway to develop biomedical hydrogels as promising bioapplications in wound dressing and other biomedical applications.

具有良好的机械和生物学性能的水凝胶在生物医学应用中具有巨大的潜力和希望。在这里，我们通过物理化学交联方法制备了一系列基于细胞相容性壳聚糖（CS）的新型双网络（DN）和三网络（TN）水凝胶。天然多糖CS具有丰富的抗菌活性，生物相容性和易交联反应的特性，因此被选为资源丰富的天然多糖CS。选择两性离子磺基丙基甜菜碱（PDMAPS）作为第二种网络，因为它具有良好的生物相容性，抗菌和防污性能。非离子型聚（丙烯酸2-羟乙酯）（PHEA）具有良好的生物相容性，优异的防污性和机械性能，因此被选为最终网络。横截面SEM图像显示CS / PHEA（DN ₁，戊二醛与CS的结构单元的摩尔比为0.2 / 3.0）和CS / PDMAPS / PHEA（TN ₁，戊二醛与CS的结构单元的摩尔比为0.2 / 3.0）八聚体表现出光滑且均匀分散的多孔微结构孔径分布在20〜100μm范围内。DN ₁水凝胶的最大压缩应力和拉伸应力分别达到84.7 MPa和292 kPa，而TN ₁水凝胶的最大压缩应力和拉伸应力分别达到81.9 MPa和384 kPa。此外，TN ₁凝胶的破坏应变值达到1020％。除了出色的机械性能外，DN ₁和TN ₁凝胶由于引入了抗微生物壳聚糖，细胞抗粘着剂PDMAPS和PHEA，因此具有良好的抗微生物，细胞相容性和防污性能。多种网络水凝胶优异的机械和生物学特性相结合，可以为开发生物医学水凝胶提供潜在途径，作为伤口敷料和其他生物医学应用中的有前途的生物应用。