Abstract Ground level 24 h average observations of 7Be activity, combined with continuous ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and minimum relative humidity (minRH) measurements, were conducted at two non-urban sites in the Deep South of the United States. One site is inland at Yorkville, Georgia, YRK (33°55′27″N; 84°59′44″W); the other is near the coast of the Gulf of Mexico outside Pensacola, Florida, OLF (30°25′N:87°13′W). The objective of the measurements was to explore the potential for estimating a contribution to surface O3 from stratospheric and upper tropospheric air for during the springtime months from April 2 to June 13, 2015 using 7Be as a tracer. The observed 24 h average 7Be activities were 1.88 ± 0.66 mBq/m3 at YRK and 1.99 ± 0.68 mBq/m3 at OLF. Corresponding means of 24 h average O3 mixing ratios were 38.3 ± 10.1 ppbv for YRK and 28.7 ± 8.9 ppbv at OLF. A weak statistically significant O3 7Be regression based estimate of O3 from the stratosphere and upper troposphere was constrained to a conservative upper bound of 14 ± 4 (1σ) ppbv. From daily inspection of meteorological features, a lower bound of 3–7 ppbv was estimated. A multiple regression of O3 versus 7Be and daily minimum relative humidity (minRH) improved the statistical fit and indicated stratosphere-upper troposphere contributions of 8.6 ± 4.0 ppbv for YRK and 6.6 ± 3.3 ppbv for OLF. Daily variability of 7Be and O3 was explored with respect to meteorological variability. 7Be O3 relationships in this experiment were examined using (a) ozonesonde and vertical dew point temperature profiles, inferring very dry air as an upper atmosphere tracer descending into the boundary layer, (b) backward air trajectories, identifying 7Be spatial and temporal variation, and (c) precipitation, indicating 7Be scavenging and lowered O3 with suppression of photochemistry. The average 7Be measurements at the ground during the study are useful for helping estimate the long-term O3 contributions from the upper atmosphere. However, the day-to-day 7Be observations had limited value for determining the contributions of upper air O3 to daily O3 mixing ratios. Conventional surface and upper-air meteorological data could be used effectively as an alternative.

中文翻译：

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美国东南部的春季铍 7、气象和臭氧变率

摘要 7Be 活动的地面 24 小时平均观测值，结合连续臭氧 (O3)、一氧化碳 (CO) 和最小相对湿度 (minRH) 测​​量，在美国南部深部的两个非城市地点进行。一处位于 YRK 佐治亚州约克维尔内陆（33°55′27″N；84°59′44″W）；另一个位于佛罗里达州彭萨科拉外的墨西哥湾海岸附近，OLF（30°25'N:87°13'W）。测量的目的是探索在 2015 年 4 月 2 日至 6 月 13 日期间使用 7Be 作为示踪剂估算平流层和对流层高层空气对地表 O3 的贡献的潜力。观察到的 24 小时平均 7Be 活性在 YRK 为 1.88 ± 0.66 mBq/m3，在 OLF 为 1.99 ± 0.68 mBq/m3。对于 YRK 和 28，24 小时平均 O3 混合比的相应平均值为 38.3 ± 10.1 ppbv。7 ± 8.9 ppbv 在 OLF。基于对来自平流层和对流层上层的 O3 的弱统计显着性 O3 7Be 回归估计被限制在 14 ± 4 (1σ) ppbv 的保守上限。根据对气象特征的日常检查，估计下限为 3-7 ppbv。O3 与 7Be 和每日最低相对湿度 (minRH) 的多元回归改进了统计拟合，并表明 YRK 的平流层 - 对流层上层贡献为 8.6 ± 4.0 ppbv，OLF 为 6.6 ± 3.3 ppbv。7Be 和 O3 的日变化与气象变化有关。本实验中的 7Be O3 关系使用 (a) 臭氧探空仪和垂直露点温度分布进行检查，推断非常干燥的空气作为下降到边界层的高层大气示踪剂，(b) 向后的空气轨迹，识别 7Be 时空变化，以及 (c) 降水，表明 7Be 清除并降低了 O3 抑制光化学。研究期间地面的平均 7Be 测量值有助于估计来自高层大气的长期 O3 贡献。然而，日常 7Be 观测对于确定高空 O3 对日常 O3 混合比的贡献的价值有限。可以有效地使用传统的地面和高空气象数据作为替代方法。日常 7Be 观测对于确定高空 O3 对日常 O3 混合比的贡献的价值有限。可以有效地使用传统的地面和高空气象数据作为替代方法。日常 7Be 观测对于确定高空 O3 对日常 O3 混合比的贡献的价值有限。可以有效地使用传统的地面和高空气象数据作为替代方法。