Monterey Bay, California experiences near-annual blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia that can affect marine animal health and the economy, including impacts to tourism and commercial/recreational fisheries. One species in particular, P. australis, has been implicated in the most toxic of events, however other species within the genus can contribute to widespread variability in community structure and associated toxicity across years. Current monitoring methods are limited in their spatial coverage as well as their ability to capture the full suite of species present, thereby hindering understanding of HAB events and limiting predictive accuracy. An integrated deployment of multiple in situ platforms, some with autonomous adaptive sampling capabilities, occurred during two divergent bloom years in the bay, and uncovered detailed aspects of population and toxicity dynamics. A bloom in 2013 was characterized by spatial differences in Pseudo-nitzschia populations, with the low-toxin producer P. fraudulenta dominating the inshore community and toxic P. australis dominating the offshore community. An exceptionally toxic bloom in 2015 developed as a diverse Pseudo-nitzschia community abruptly transitioned into a bloom of highly toxic P. australis within the time frame of a week. Increases in cell density and proliferation coincided with strong upwelling of nutrients. High toxicity was driven by silicate limitation of the dense bloom. This temporal shift in species composition mirrored the shift observed further north in the California Current System off Oregon and Washington. The broad scope of sampling and unique platform capabilities employed during these studies revealed important patterns in bloom formation and persistence for Pseudo-nitzschia. Results underscore the benefit of expanded biological observing capabilities and targeted sampling methods to capture more comprehensive spatial and temporal scales for studying and predicting future events.

加利福尼亚州的蒙特利湾经历了近年的伪藻繁殖，可能影响海洋动物健康和经济，包括对旅游业和商业/休闲渔业的影响。一个物种特别是，芦苇已被认为具有最强的毒性，但是多年来该属中的其他物种仍可能导致群落结构的广泛变异和相关的毒性。当前的监测方法在其空间覆盖范围以及捕获存在的整套物种方面的能力都受到限制，从而阻碍了对HAB事件的理解并限制了预测准确性。在海湾两个不同的开花期，发生了多个原位平台的集成部署，其中一些具有自主自适应采样功能，并且揭示了种群和毒性动态的详细方面。2013年的花朵绽放以假奈瑟菌种群的空间差异为特征，低毒生产者P.欺诈沿海近岸社区占主导地位，而有毒的澳大利亚疟原虫在沿海社区占主导地位。2015年，由于一个不同的假奈瑟菌群落在一周的时间范围内突然转变为剧毒的澳大利亚疫霉，因此产生了剧毒的花。细胞密度和增殖的增加与营养物质的强烈上升相吻合。高毒性是由致密水华的硅酸盐限制引起的。物种组成的这种暂时变化反映了在加利福尼亚洋流系统中从俄勒冈州和华盛顿州向北观察到的变化。在这些研究中采用的广泛采样范围和独特的平台功能揭示了假奈茨海藻水华形成和持久性的重要模式。结果强调了扩展的生物观测能力和有针对性的采样方法的好处，该捕获方法可捕获更全面的时空尺度以研究和预测未来事件。