BACKGROUND Premenstrual symptoms are experienced by up to 95% of women, and few treatments are available. Previous studies suggest that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may be associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms, but the findings have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with the severity of individual premenstrual symptoms. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of 998 women aged 20 to 29 years recruited at the University of Toronto campus from 2004 through 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants provided data on their premenstrual symptoms in a premenstrual symptom questionnaire. Fasting overnight blood samples were collected, and plasma 25(OH)D was measured. Participants with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations <20 ng/mL were considered to have inadequate vitamin D status, and those with ≥20 ng/mL, adequate vitamin D status. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multinomial logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for the associations between vitamin D status and the severity of 15 premenstrual symptoms. Adjustments were made for age, body mass index, ethnicity/race, physical activity, hormonal contraceptive use, season of blood draw, use of analgesics, and calcium intake. RESULTS Compared with participants with adequate vitamin D status, those with inadequate vitamin D status had an increased risk (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI) of experiencing the following mild symptoms: confusion (OR=1.72; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.59) and desire to be alone (OR=1.47; 95% CI; 1.03 to 2.10), as well as the following moderate/severe symptoms: cramps (OR=1.50; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.21), fatigue (OR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.21), anxiety (OR=1.63; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.63), confusion (OR=2.23; 95% CI, 1.18 to 4.21), and sexual desire (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.51). Vitamin D status was not associated with other premenstrual symptoms (acne, bloating, mood swings, increased appetite, headache, clumsiness, insomnia, depression, or nausea). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may be associated with increased severity of some, but not all, premenstrual symptoms.

中文翻译：

---

维生素 D 状态与经前症状之间的关联

背景 多达 95% 的女性会经历经前症状，并且可用的治疗方法很少。先前的研究表明，25-羟基维生素 D (25(OH)D) 可能与经前症状的严重程度有关，但研究结果尚无定论。目的 本研究的目的是确定维生素 D 状态是否与个体经前症状的严重程度有关。设计/参与者 对 2004 年至 2010 年在多伦多大学校园招募的 998 名年龄在 20 至 29 岁的女性进行的横断面分析。主要结果测量参与者在经前症状问卷调查中提供了有关她们经前症状的数据。收集空腹过夜血样，并测量血浆 25(OH)D。血浆 25(OH)D 浓度 < 20 ng/mL 被认为维生素 D 状态不足，≥20 ng/mL 被认为维生素 D 状态充足。执行的统计分析 多项逻辑回归用于计算维生素 D 状态与 15 种经前症状严重程度之间关联的优势比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间。对年龄、体重指数、种族/种族、身体活动、激素避孕药的使用、抽血季节、镇痛药的使用和钙摄入量进行了调整。结果 与维生素 D 状态充足的参与者相比，维生素 D 状态不足的参与者出现以下轻微症状的风险增加（比值比 [OR]；95% CI）：意识模糊（OR=1.72；95% CI，1.14 至2.59) 和渴望独处（OR=1.47；95% CI；1.03 至 2.10），以及以下中度/重度症状：痉挛（OR=1.50；95% CI，1.02 至 2.21）、疲劳（OR=1.51；95% CI，1.04 至 2.21）、焦虑（OR=1.63；95% CI， 1.02 至 2.63）、混乱（OR=2.23；95% CI，1.18 至 4.21）和性欲（OR=1.65；95% CI，1.09 至 2.51）。维生素 D 状态与其他经前症状（痤疮、腹胀、情绪波动、食欲增加、头痛、笨拙、失眠、抑郁或恶心）无关。结论 研究结果表明，维生素 D 状态不足可能与某些（但不是全部）经前症状的严重程度增加有关。维生素 D 状态与其他经前症状（痤疮、腹胀、情绪波动、食欲增加、头痛、笨拙、失眠、抑郁或恶心）无关。结论 研究结果表明，维生素 D 状态不足可能与某些（但不是全部）经前症状的严重程度增加有关。维生素 D 状态与其他经前症状（痤疮、腹胀、情绪波动、食欲增加、头痛、笨拙、失眠、抑郁或恶心）无关。结论 研究结果表明，维生素 D 状态不足可能与某些（但不是全部）经前症状的严重程度增加有关。