The diversity, modularity, and efficacy of CRISPR-Cas systems are driving a biotechnological revolution. RNA-guided Cas enzymes have been adopted as tools to manipulate the genomes of cultured cells, animals, and plants, accelerating the pace of fundamental research and enabling clinical and agricultural breakthroughs. We describe the basic mechanisms that set the CRISPR-Cas toolkit apart from other programmable gene-editing technologies, highlighting the diverse and naturally evolved systems now functionalized as biotechnologies. We discuss the rapidly evolving landscape of CRISPR-Cas applications, from gene editing to transcriptional regulation, imaging, and diagnostics. Continuing functional dissection and an expanding landscape of applications position CRISPR-Cas tools at the cutting edge of nucleic acid manipulation that is rewriting biology.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR-Cas引领基因工程的未来


CRISPR-Cas 系统的多样性、模块化和功效正在推动生物技术革命。 RNA 引导的 Cas 酶已被用作操纵培养细胞、动物和植物基因组的工具，加快了基础研究的步伐并实现了临床和农业突破。我们描述了使 CRISPR-Cas 工具包区别于其他可编程基因编辑技术的基本机制，强调了现在作为生物技术发挥作用的多样化和自然进化的系统。我们讨论了 CRISPR-Cas 应用快速发展的前景，从基因编辑到转录调控、成像和诊断。持续的功能解剖和不断扩大的应用前景使 CRISPR-Cas 工具处于正在改写生物学的核酸操作的最前沿。