Controlling methylene blue aggregation: a more efficient alternative to treat Candida albicans infections using photodynamic therapy,Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences

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Controlling methylene blue aggregation: a more efficient alternative to treat Candida albicans infections using photodynamic therapy
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-30 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00238j
Gabriela Alves da Collina _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Fernanda Freire _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Thabata Paulino da Costa Santos _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Natalia Gesse Sobrinho _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Simone Aquino _{2,

3,

4,

5} , Renato Araújo Prates _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Christiane Pavani _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Methylene Blue (MB) has been widely used in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), however, the mechanisms of action (Type I or Type II) are defined by its state of aggregation. In this sense, the identification of the relationships between aggregation, the mechanisms of action and the effectiveness against microorganisms, as well as the establishment of the means and the formulations that may favor the most effective mechanisms, are essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the in vitro aPDT efficacies against Candida albicans, by using MB in vehicles which may influence the aggregation and present an oral formulation (OF) containing MB, to be used in clinical aPDT procedures. The efficacy of MB at 20 mg L⁻¹ was tested in a range of vehicles (water, physiological solution – NaCl 0.9%, phosphate saline buffer – PBS, sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.25% – SDS and urea 1 mol L⁻¹) in a C. albicans planktonic culture, when using 4.68 J cm⁻² of 640 ± 12 nm LED for the irradiations, as well as 5 minutes of pre-irradiation time, together with measuring the UFC mL⁻¹. Based upon these analyses, an OF containing MB in the most effective vehicle was tested in the biofilms, as a proposal for clinical applications. When comparing some of the vehicles, sodium dodecyl sulfate was the only one that enhanced an MB aPDT efficacy in a planktonic C. albicans culture. This OF was tested in the biofilms and 50 mg L⁻¹ MB was necessary, in order to achieve some reduction in the cell viabilities after the various treatments. The light dosimetries still need further adaptations, in order for this formulation to be used in clinical applications. The present research has indicated that the development of this formulation for the control of MB aggregations may result in more effective clinical protocols.

中文翻译：

控制亚甲基蓝的聚集：使用光动力疗法治疗白念珠菌感染的更有效替代方法

亚甲基蓝（MB）已被广泛用于抗微生物光动力疗法（aPDT）中，但作用机理（I型或II型）是由其聚集状态决定的。从这个意义上说，确定聚集，作用机理和对微生物的有效性之间的关系以及确定可能有利于最有效机理的手段和制剂是至关重要的。因此，本研究的目的是通过在可能影响聚集的媒介物中使用MB来评估针对白色念珠菌的体外aPDT功效，并提出一种可用于临床aPDT程序的含MB的口服制剂（OF）。MB在20 mg L ^-1时的功效使用4.68 J时，在白色念珠菌浮游培养中，在多种媒介物（水，生理溶液– 0.9％NaCl，磷酸盐盐水缓冲液– PBS，十二烷基硫酸钠0.25％– SDS和尿素1 mol L ^-1）中进行了测试。 cm ^-2的640±12 nm LED用于照射，以及预照射时间5分钟，以及测量UFC mL ^-1。根据这些分析，在生物膜中对最有效的媒介物中含有MB的OF进行了测试，作为临床应用的建议。当比较某些媒介物时，十二烷基硫酸钠是在浮游白色念珠菌培养物中唯一增强MB aPDT功效的媒介物。在生物膜和50 mg L ^-1中测试了该OFMB是必需的，以使各种处理后的细胞活力有所降低。为了使这种制剂可用于临床应用，光剂量学仍然需要进一步调整。本研究表明，用于控制MB聚集的这种制剂的开发可能导致更有效的临床方案。

更新日期：2018-08-30

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