Abstract The deterioration of the air quality is a global concern. Daily PM10 samples were simultaneously collected and chemically characterized at an urban and a rural site in Cienfuegos, Cuba between January 2015 and January 2016. A source apportionment study was conducted in order to identify and quantify the main contributions of both local and long-range sources. Concentrations of PM10 varied similarly at the urban and rural site, with annual averages of 35.4 and 24.8 μg m−3, respectively. The highest concentrations were observed between March and August at both sites, when a strong influence of Saharan dust was identified. The PM10 daily limit (50 μg m−3) established in the Cuban legislation for air quality was exceeded by 3 and 8 times in the rural and urban site, respectively. The chemical characterization of PM10 showed important contributions of mineral matter, total carbon and secondary inorganic compounds in the region, with the highest concentrations observed at the urban site. Marine contribution, by contrast, was higher at the rural site. The highest EFs were obtained for the typical road traffic tracers Mo and Cu. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis coupled with conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) identified 5 main sources in the studied sites: Saharan intrusions, marine aerosol, combustion sources and secondary aerosols, road traffic and cement plant. The Saharan dust contribution was quantified for the first time in Cuba, proving to be one of the major components of PM10 at both sites. Its daily contribution, indeed, explained more than 60% of the PM10 recorded in 10 of the 11 exceedance events. This study reports the first simultaneous evaluation of PM10 and its chemical composition in urban and rural areas of Cuba, and provides the basis for environmental managers to adopt control strategies to reduce the impact of PM10 pollution in the region.

中文翻译：

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在加勒比海岸的农村和城市地点同时收集的 PM10 样本的化学特征：本地和远程源分配

摘要 空气质量恶化是全球关注的问题。2015 年 1 月至 2016 年 1 月期间，在古巴西恩富戈斯的一个城市和一个农村地区同时收集每日 PM10 样本并对其进行化学表征。为了识别和量化本地和远距离源的主要贡献，进行了源解析研究. 城市和农村的 PM10 浓度变化相似，年平均值分别为 35.4 和 24.8 μg m-3。3 月和 8 月在两个地点观察到最高浓度，当时发现撒哈拉沙尘有强烈影响。古巴空气质量立法中规定的 PM10 每日限值（50 μg m-3）在农村和城市分别超过了 3 倍和 8 倍。PM10 的化学特征表明该地区的矿物质、总碳和次生无机化合物的重要贡献，在城市站点观察到的浓度最高。相比之下，农村地区的海洋贡献更高。典型的道路交通示踪剂 Mo 和 Cu 获得了最高的 EF。正矩阵分解 (PMF) 分析与条件双变量概率函数 (CBPF) 和浓度加权轨迹 (CWT) 相结合，确定了研究地点的 5 个主要来源：撒哈拉入侵、海洋气溶胶、燃烧源和二次气溶胶、道路交通和水泥厂。古巴首次对撒哈拉沙尘贡献进行了量化，证明是两个站点 PM10 的主要成分之一。它的日常贡献确实，解释了 11 次超标事件中 10 次记录的 PM10 的 60% 以上。该研究报告了古巴城乡地区首次同时评估 PM10 及其化学成分，为环境管理者采取控制策略以减少该地区 PM10 污染的影响提供依据。