To investigate the adverse effect of two widely used pharmaceuticals, paracetamol (acetaminophen [APAP]) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (B. rotundiformis), the animals were exposed to various environmentally-relevant concentrations. Up to date, acetaminophen and oxytetracycline have been considered as toxic, if used above threshold concentration, i.e. overdosed. However, this study demonstrated these two pharmaceuticals even at low concentration (i.e., μg/L scale) elicited oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with the increased glutathione S-transferase activity, despite no-observed effect in in-vivo population growth. To validate the adverse effects of the two pharmaceuticals at relatively low concentrations, mRNA expression analysis was performed of the entire set of genes encoding 26 cytochrome P450s (CYPs) of phase I and 19 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of phase II of the rotifer B. rotundiformis. The mRNA expression analysis suggested specific genes CYP3045A2 and GSTσ1, GSTσ4, and GSTω1 take part in detoxification of APAP and OTC, resulting in no significant changes in the population growth and undetermined no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in the marine rotifer B. rotundiformis.

为了研究对乙酰氨基酚（对乙酰氨基酚[APAP]）和土霉素（OTC）这两种广泛使用的药物对海洋轮虫Brachionus rotundiformis（B. rotundiformis）的不利影响，将动物暴露于各种与环境有关的浓度。迄今为止，对乙酰氨基酚和土霉素被认为是有毒的，如果以高于阈值的浓度使用即过量。然而，这项研究表明，即使在低浓度（即μg/ L规模）下，这两种药物也能通过产生活性氧（ROS）以及增加谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性而引起氧化应激，尽管在体内没有观察到这种作用。 -vivo人口增长。为了验证两种药物在相对较低浓度下的不良反应，对轮虫的I期的26种细胞色素P450（CYP）和II期的19种谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的整个基因进行了mRNA表达分析。乙。轮状双子目。mRNA表达分析表明，特定基因CYP3045A2和GSTσ1，GSTσ4和GSTω1参与了APAP和OTC的解毒作用，导致种群没有显着变化，并且未确定轮状芽孢杆菌B. rotundiformis中的观察到作用浓度（NOEC）。