The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.

中文翻译：

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反应性亲电子试剂和氧化剂的氧化还原信号传导

在通过反应性亲电子和氧化物质进行非酶辅助蛋白质修饰的背景下的细胞信号传导概念（广泛称为氧化还原信号传导）是一个独特的复杂主题，已从许多不同的多学科角度进行了探讨。我们的综述反映了对于理解自然如何利用这些非规范翻译后修饰来协调不同细胞活动至关重要的五个方面：(1) 特定参与者及其产生，(2) 物理化学特性，(3) 作用机制，(4) 方法审讯的能力，以及（5）在健康和疾病中的功能作用。重点主要放在该领域的最新进展，但也回顾了可能被遗忘/丢失的经典作品的几个方面。对于有兴趣进入该领域的研究人员来说，我们的评论预计可以作为入门读物。对于专家来说，我们的目标是在化学和生物学十字路口这个复杂而迷人的领域中激发对氧化还原信号机制的基础知识以及特异性/选择性和时间的细微差别的思考和讨论。