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Cyclopolymerizations: Synthetic Tools for the Precision Synthesis of Macromolecular Architectures
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-27 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00286
Dario Pasini 1 , Daisuke Takeuchi 2
Affiliation  

Monomers possessing two functionalities suitable for polymerization are often designed and utilized in syntheses directed to the formation of cross-linked macromolecules. In this review, we give an account of recent developments related to the use of such monomers in cyclopolymerization processes, in order to form linear, soluble macromolecules. These processes can be activated by means of radical, ionic, or transition-metal mediated chain-growth polymerization mechanisms, to achieve cyclic moieties of variable ring size which are embedded within the polymer backbone, driving and tuning peculiar physical properties of the resulting macromolecules. The two functionalities are covalently linked by a “tether”, which can be appropriately designed in order to “imprint” elements of chemical information into the polymer backbone during the synthesis and, in some cases, be removed by postpolymerization reactions. The two functionalities can possess identical or even very different reactivities toward the polymerization mechanism involved; in the latter case, consequences and outcomes related to the sequence-controlled, precision synthesis of macromolecules have been demonstrated. Recent advances in new initiating systems and polymerization catalysts enabled the precision syntheses of polymers with regulated cyclic structures by highly regio- and/or stereoselective cyclopolymerization. Cyclopolymerizations involving double cyclization, ring-opening, or isomerization have been also developed, generating unique repeating structures, which can hardly be obtained by conventional polymerization methods.

中文翻译:

环聚合:用于大分子结构精确合成的合成工具

通常设计具有两个适合聚合的官能度的单体,并在涉及形成交联大分子的合成中加以利用。在这篇综述中,我们介绍了与在环聚合过程中使用此类单体以形成线性可溶大分子有关的最新进展。这些过程可以通过自由基,离子或过渡金属介导的链增长聚合机制来激活,以实现可变大小环的环状部分嵌入聚合物主链中,从而驱动和调节所得大分子的特殊物理性质。这两个功能通过“系链”共价连接,可以适当设计这些系链,以便在合成过程中将化学信息的元素“烙印”到聚合物主链中,并且 在某些情况下,可通过后聚合反应除去。这两种官能团对所涉及的聚合机理的反应性可以相同甚至不同。在后一种情况下,已经证明了与序列控制的大分子精确合成有关的结果和结果。新的引发体系和聚合催化剂的最新进展使得能够通过高度区域和/或立体选择性环聚合来精确合成具有调控环结构的聚合物。还已经开发出涉及双环化,开环或异构化的环聚合,产生独特的重复结构,这是常规聚合方法难以获得的。这两种官能团对所涉及的聚合机理的反应性可以相同甚至不同。在后一种情况下,已经证明了与序列控制的大分子精确合成有关的结果和结果。新的引发体系和聚合催化剂的最新进展使得能够通过高度区域和/或立体选择性环聚合来精确合成具有调控环结构的聚合物。还已经开发出涉及双环化,开环或异构化的环聚合,产生独特的重复结构,这是常规聚合方法难以获得的。这两种官能团对所涉及的聚合机理的反应性可以相同甚至不同。在后一种情况下,已经证明了与序列控制的大分子精确合成有关的结果和结果。新的引发体系和聚合催化剂的最新进展使得能够通过高度区域和/或立体选择性环聚合来精确合成具有调控环结构的聚合物。还已经开发出涉及双环化,开环或异构化的环聚合,产生独特的重复结构,这是常规聚合方法难以获得的。已经证明了与大分子的序列控制,精确合成有关的结果和结果。新的引发体系和聚合催化剂的最新进展使得能够通过高度区域和/或立体选择性环聚合来精确合成具有调控环结构的聚合物。还已经开发出涉及双环化,开环或异构化的环聚合,产生独特的重复结构,这是常规聚合方法难以获得的。已经证明了与大分子的序列控制,精确合成有关的结果和结果。新的引发体系和聚合催化剂的最新进展使得能够通过高度区域和/或立体选择性环聚合来精确合成具有调控环结构的聚合物。还已经开发出涉及双环化,开环或异构化的环聚合,产生独特的重复结构,这是常规聚合方法难以获得的。
更新日期:2018-08-27
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