The selection of an alternative based on the results of a comparative environmental assessment such as life cycle assessment (LCA), environmental input-output analysis (EIOA) or integrated assessment modelling (IAM) is challenging because most of the times there is no single best option. Most comparative cases contain trade-offs between environmental criteria, uncertainty in the performances and multiple diverse values from decision makers. To circumvent these challenges, a method from decision analysis, namely stochastic multi attribute analysis (SMAA), has been proposed instead. SMAA performs aggregation that is partially compensatory (hence, closer to a strong sustainability perspective), incorporates performance uncertainty in the assessment, is free from external normalization references and allows for uncertainties in decision maker preferences. This paper presents a thorough introduction of SMAA for environmental decision-support, provides the mathematical fundamentals and offers an Excel platform for easy implementation and access.

基于比较性环境评估的结果（例如生命周期评估（LCA），环境投入产出分析（EIOA）或综合评估模型（IAM））来选择替代方案具有挑战性，因为在大多数情况下，没有一个单一的最佳选择选项。大多数比较案例都包含环境标准，绩效的不确定性以及决策者的多种不同价值之间的权衡。为了克服这些挑战，已经提出了一种来自决策分析的方法，即随机多属性分析（SMAA）。SMAA会执行部分补偿性的汇总（因此，更接近于强有力的可持续性观点），将绩效不确定性纳入评估中，不受外部规范化参考的影响，并允许决策者的偏好存在不确定性。本文对SMAA的环境决策支持进行了全面介绍，提供了数学基础，并提供了易于实施和访问的Excel平台。