In this research, the characterization of red gypsum (RG) and its reaction progress during the indirect mineral carbonation process were studied. X-ray diffraction results showed that the calcium sulfate and hematite are the dominant components in the RG samples. Three main phases of calcium in the RG were recognized: Ca (OH)₂, Ca-S-O, and Ca-Fe-O. Element analysis by ICP-OES also revealed that the RG consists of three major constitutions: CaO (32.2%), SO₃ (31.6%), and Fe₂O₃ (28.99%). To understand the reaction progress of RG in the carbonation process, the reaction model code PHREEQC-2.18 was found to be a very useful tool since it allows the exposure of all dissolved species of RG and presents its mineral phases at each time step. Furthermore, the mineral carbonation of RG delivered the reaction progress changes with Ca phases and, therefore, dissolved calcium (hydr)oxide starts to control the pH and the CO₂ uptake. In short, the findings of this study could be useful in resolving problem of greenhouse gases with less environmental issues.

在这项研究中，研究了红色石膏（RG）的表征及其在间接矿物碳酸化过程中的反应进展。X射线衍射结果表明，硫酸钙和赤铁矿是RG样品中的主要成分。RG中钙的三个主要相被识别：Ca（OH）₂，Ca-SO和Ca-Fe-O。ICP-OES的元素分析还显示，RG由三个主要成分组成：CaO（32.2％），SO ₃（31.6％）和Fe ₂ O ₃（28.99％）。为了了解RG在碳酸化过程中的反应进程，发现反应模型代码PHREEQC-2.18是非常有用的工具，因为它允许RG暴露所有溶解的物质并在每个时间步长显示其矿物相。此外，RG的矿物碳酸化反应进程随Ca相的变化而变化，因此，溶解的（氢氧化）钙开始控制pH值和CO _2的吸收。简而言之，这项研究的结果可能有助于解决环境问题较少的温室气体问题。