Sediments have often acted as sinks for contaminants that possess strong affinity for solids near historical pollution sources. Mathematical models describing the evolution of contaminant concentrations in sediment environments provide a scientific basis for decision support and remediation design. Herein, novel software (CapSim) is introduced including processes relevant to natural attenuation and in-situ treatment and containment (capping). The tool has been used as a basis for remedial design at a number of sites throughout the United States. CapSim is built on the concept of an arbitrary number of layers that each exhibit traditional porous media transport processes including sorption (linear and non-linear, transient or local equilibrium), advection, diffusion, dispersion, multicomponent linked reactions and, critically, processes specific to the sediment-water interface including bioturbation of both solids and porewater, deposition, consolidation, and interaction with the overlying surface water. A summary of recent applications and selected simulations of key features are presented.

沉积物经常充当污染物的汇，这些污染物对历史污染源附近的固体具有很强的亲和力。描述沉积物环境中污染物浓度变化的数学模型为决策支持和补救设计提供了科学依据。本文介绍了新颖的软件（CapSim），其中包括与自然衰减和原位相关的过程处理和围堵（封顶）。该工具已被用作整个美国许多站点的补救设计的基础。CapSim建立在任意数量的层的概念之上，每个层都表现出传统的多孔介质传输过程，包括吸附（线性和非线性，瞬态或局部平衡），对流，扩散，分散，多组分连接反应，以及至关重要的特定过程到沉积物-水界面，包括固体和孔隙水的生物扰动，沉积，固结以及与上层地表水的相互作用。介绍了最近的应用程序摘要和关键功能的选定模拟。