Abstract A nanocellulose containing carboxylate groups was prepared from cellulose by catalytic oxidation with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). The aqueous TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) with lithium (Li+), sodium (Na+) or tetraalkylammonium (+NR4) counterions (TOCN-X) were mixed with aqueous hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (H-NBR) latex, and TOCN-X/H-NBR composite films were prepared by casting and drying. All of the composite films are transparent and flexible. The TOCN-Na/H-NBR (TOCN/H-NBR = 5/100, w/w) composite film has a high Young's modulus of ∼63 MPa, a high storage elastic modulus of 112 MPa at 25 °C, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 122 ppm/K, whereas the neat H-NBR film has the values o 5.3 MPa, 2 MPa, and 2660 ppm/K, respectively. Microscopy images show that the hydrophilic TOCN-Na elements form grid-like network structures surrounding the hydrophobic H-NBR latex particles. Thus, the hydrophilic TOCN-Na elements cannot penetrate into hydrophobic H-NBR molecules, and the TOCN-Na elements are not homogeneously distributed in the TOCN/H-NBR composite films prepared under the conditions used in this study. Nevertheless, clear improvement of thermal and mechanical properties is achieved for the TOCN/H-NBR composite films at TOCN/H-NBR weight ratios of 1–5/100. TOCN-Li/H-NBR film has the highest Young's modulus, while the hydrophobic TOCN-NR4/H-NBR films have low CTE values

中文翻译：

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TEMPO-纳米纤维素作为填料的抗衡离子设计改善氢化丙烯腈-丁二烯基体的性能

摘要 以纤维素为原料，通过2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基（TEMPO）催化氧化制备了含羧酸根的纳米纤维素。将含有锂 (Li+)、钠 (Na+) 或四烷基铵 (+NR4) 反离子 (TOCN-X) 的 TEMPO 氧化纤维素纳米原纤维 (TOCN) 与水性氢化丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶 (H-NBR) 胶乳和 TOCN 混合-X/H-NBR复合薄膜通过浇铸和干燥制备。所有的复合膜都是透明且柔韧的。TOCN-Na/H-NBR (TOCN/H-NBR = 5/100, w/w) 复合膜具有约 63 MPa 的高杨氏模量，25 °C 下的 112 MPa 高储能模量，以及122 ppm/K 的低热膨胀系数 (CTE)，而纯 H-NBR 薄膜的值分别为 5.3 MPa、2 MPa 和 2660 ppm/K。显微图像显示亲水性 TOCN-Na 元素在疏水性 H-NBR 乳胶颗粒周围形成网格状网络结构。因此，亲水性 TOCN-Na 元素不能渗透到疏水性 H-NBR 分子中，并且 TOCN-Na 元素在本研究使用的条件下制备的 TOCN/H-NBR 复合薄膜中分布不均匀。然而，TOCN/H-NBR 重量比为 1-5/100 时，TOCN/H-NBR 复合薄膜的热性能和机械性能得到明显改善。TOCN-Li/H-NBR 薄膜的杨氏模量最高，而疏水性 TOCN-NR4/H-NBR 薄膜的 CTE 值较低 在本研究中使用的条件下制备的 TOCN/H-NBR 复合薄膜中，TOCN-Na 元素分布不均匀。然而，TOCN/H-NBR 重量比为 1-5/100 时，TOCN/H-NBR 复合薄膜的热性能和机械性能得到明显改善。TOCN-Li/H-NBR 薄膜的杨氏模量最高，而疏水性 TOCN-NR4/H-NBR 薄膜的 CTE 值较低 在本研究中使用的条件下制备的 TOCN/H-NBR 复合薄膜中，TOCN-Na 元素分布不均匀。然而，TOCN/H-NBR 重量比为 1-5/100 时，TOCN/H-NBR 复合薄膜的热性能和机械性能得到明显改善。TOCN-Li/H-NBR 薄膜的杨氏模量最高，而疏水性 TOCN-NR4/H-NBR 薄膜的 CTE 值较低