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A viscoelastoplastic stiffening model for plant fibre unidirectional reinforced composite behaviour under monotonic and cyclic tensile loading
Composites Science and Technology ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.08.020
F. Richard , C. Poilâne , H. Yang , F. Gehring , E. Renner

Abstract At room conditions and standard strain rate ( e ˙ ∼ 10 − 4 s − 1 ), unidirectional (UD) plant-based reinforced organic polymers often exhibit nonlinear mechanical behaviour in tension. A viscoelastoplastic model (VEP model) for the simulation of UD plant fibre composite mechanical behaviour in tension, previously validated from twisted flax yarn epoxy composite under room conditions and standard strain rate, is calibrated with new data obtained from flax fibre epoxy composite under repeated progressive loading and a wide range of strain rates ( e ˙ ∼ 10 − 3 to 10 − 7 s − 1 ). The VEP model does not reproduce well the experimental observations. There seems to be a lack of stiffening in this phenomenological model. We propose an improved VEP model, developed within the frameworks of thermodynamics and limited to uniaxial tension and infinitesimal strains. An internal variable s representing the stiffening is added to create a VEP-stiffening model. This internal variable represents the coupled effects of reorienting cellulose microfibrils in kink band areas, spiral spring-like extension of cellulose microfibrils, and shear-stress-induced crystallization of the amorphous cellulose of flax fibres. The stiffening phenomenon was considered viscous, without a threshold, and was related to the tension energy in the direction of the fibres. Three viscosity coefficients drive the three phenomena: η (elastic), K (plastic), and K s (stiffening). In the chosen formalism, this leads to two thermodynamic potentials φ V E P s and Ω V E P s in which the stiffening phenomenon is strongly coupled with all the others. This VEP-stiffening model of the UD flax fibre epoxy composite correlates well with experimental observations. The paper also explores the evolution of the three viscous phenomena (elastic, plastic, and stiffening) by simulation of different loading conditions: monotonic, cyclic, and creep. This VEP-stiffening model can easily enrich existing multiaxial models of UD behaviour in the fibre direction. Implemented in a finite element model, it could be used at different length scales to numerically explore the origin of the mechanical behaviour of plant-based reinforced polymers.

中文翻译:

单调和循环拉伸载荷下植物纤维单向增强复合材料的粘弹塑性硬化模型

摘要 在室内条件和标准应变率 (e ˙ ∼ 10 − 4 s − 1 ) 下,单向 (UD) 植物基增强有机聚合物通常在张力下表现出非线性力学行为。用于模拟 UD 植物纤维复合材料拉伸力学行为的粘弹塑性模型(VEP 模型),先前在室内条件和标准应变率下从加捻亚麻纱环氧树脂复合材料中得到验证,并使用从亚麻纤维环氧树脂复合材料在重复渐进条件下获得的新数据进行校准加载和广泛的应变率( e ˙ ∼ 10 - 3 到 10 - 7 s - 1 )。VEP 模型不能很好地再现实验观察结果。在这个现象学模型中似乎缺乏加强。我们提出了一个改进的 VEP 模型,在热力学框架内发展起来,仅限于单轴张力和无穷小应变。添加表示加劲的内部变量 s 以创建 VEP 加劲模型。这个内部变量代表了在扭结带区域重新定向纤维素微纤丝、纤维素微纤丝的螺旋弹簧状延伸和亚麻纤维无定形纤维素的剪切应力诱导结晶的耦合效应。硬化现象被认为是粘性的,没有阈值,并且与纤维方向上的张力能量有关。三个粘度系数驱动三个现象:η(弹性)、K(塑性)和 Ks(变硬)。在选择的形式主义中,这导致了两个热力学势 φ VEP s 和 Ω VEP s,其中硬化现象与所有其他现象强烈耦合。这种 UD 亚麻纤维环氧树脂复合材料的 VEP 硬化模型与实验观察结果非常吻合。该论文还通过模拟不同的加载条件:单调、循环和蠕变,探讨了三种粘性现象(弹性、塑性和硬化)的演变。这种 VEP 加强模型可以轻松丰富现有的 UD 行为在纤维方向上的多轴模型。在有限元模型中实施,它可以用于不同的长度尺度,以数值方式探索植物基增强聚合物的力学行为的起源。该论文还通过模拟不同的加载条件:单调、循环和蠕变,探讨了三种粘性现象(弹性、塑性和硬化)的演变。这种 VEP 加强模型可以轻松丰富现有的 UD 行为在纤维方向上的多轴模型。在有限元模型中实施,它可以用于不同的长度尺度,以数值方式探索植物基增强聚合物的力学行为的起源。该论文还通过模拟不同的加载条件:单调、循环和蠕变,探讨了三种粘性现象(弹性、塑性和硬化)的演变。这种 VEP 加强模型可以轻松丰富现有的 UD 行为在纤维方向上的多轴模型。在有限元模型中实施,它可以用于不同的长度尺度,以数值方式探索植物基增强聚合物的力学行为的起源。
更新日期:2018-10-01
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