Abstract A low cost and portable flow-through passive sampling device (PSD) which is not affected by the flow pattern of the sampled aquatic system was developed. Zn2+ was selected as the target analyte in optimizing and testing the device under laboratory conditions using as the source solution (SS) either Zn2+ solutions or environmental waters, spiked with Zn2+. It was demonstrated that the accumulated amount of Zn2+ in all sampling experiments with the newly developed PSD was independent of the flow pattern of the sampled SS which was in contrast with results obtained with previously developed dip-in and shielded dip-in passive samplers. The flow-through PSD consists of an acrylic-based 3D-printed flow-through compartment, a glass vessel containing the receiving solution (RS) and a polymer inclusion membrane which acts as a semipermeable barrier separating the RS from a stream of the sampled water (i.e., SS). The PIM was composed of 35 wt% commercial dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNS), 55 wt% poly(vinyl chloride) and 10 wt% 1-tetradecanol. Though in some of the experiments the SS was propelled through the PSD by a conventional peristaltic pump, unsuitable for use in the field, it was demonstrated that the replacement of the peristatic pump with a small battery-driven piezoelectric micro pump was straightforward and did not affect the performance of the PSD. This finding proves the suitability of the newly developed flow-through PSD as a cost effective and portable tool for passive sampling of environmental waters free of flow pattern effects.

中文翻译：

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无流型效应的便携式 3D 打印流通式被动采样装置的开发

摘要 研制了一种不受采样水生系统流型影响的低成本、便携式流通式被动采样装置（PSD）。在实验室条件下使用 Zn2+ 溶液或环境水作为源溶液 (SS)，在实验室条件下优化和测试设备时，选择 Zn2+ 作为目标分析物，并添加 Zn2+。结果表明，在使用新开发的 PSD 的所有采样实验中，Zn2+ 的累积量与采样 SS 的流动模式无关，这与以前开发的浸入式和屏蔽浸入式被动采样器获得的结果形成对比。流通式 PSD 由一个基于丙烯酸的 3D 打印流通隔间组成，包含接收溶液 (RS) 和聚合物夹杂膜的玻璃容器，该膜充当将 RS 与采样水流 (即 SS) 隔开的半透屏障。PIM 由 35% 的商业二壬基萘磺酸 (DNNS)、55% 的聚（氯乙烯）和 10% 的 1-十四醇组成。虽然在一些实验中，SS 是由传统的蠕动泵推动通过 PSD，不适合在现场使用，但事实证明，用小型电池驱动的压电微型泵替换蠕动泵很简单，并且没有影响 PSD 的性能。这一发现证明了新开发的流通 PSD 作为一种具有成本效益的便携式工具的适用性，用于无流型效应的环境水被动采样。