A novel La/Mg/Si-loaded, palm shell-based activated carbon (LMSAC) for the selective removal of aluminum and fluoride from water was synthesized through various methods. FESEM/EDX, BET, XRD, and FT-IR were utilized to characterize the synthetic LMSACs and investigate the aluminum and fluoride adsorption mechanisms of LMSAC prepared by sonication followed by calcination (LMSAC8). The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and effects of pH and competing ions on the aluminum and fluoride uptake by LMSAC8 were evaluated. The maximum aluminum and fluoride adsorption capacities of LMSAC8 were 270.3 mg Al/g and 285.7 mg F/g at pH 7.0, respectively, which are much higher than those of the various adsorbents reported in the literature. Adsorption was highly dependent on the pH, which determines the distribution of aluminum and fluoride species in the solution. When common ions were present, LMSAC8 still exhibited good selectivity for aluminum and fluoride at a neutral pH. The aluminum and fluoride adsorption capacities of the regenerated LMSAC8 approached 80.7 and 77.0% of those of the fresh LMSAC8 after the five recycles. The adsorption experiments and FT-IR analysis revealed that the uptake of aluminum and fluoride can be attributed to complicated processes, including electrostatic interaction, inner sphere complexation via a ligand–exchange, and Lewis acid–base interactions.

通过多种方法合成了一种新型的La / Mg / Si负载棕榈壳基活性炭（LMSAC），用于从水中选择性去除铝和氟化物。利用FESEM / EDX，BET，XRD和FT-IR表征合成的LMSAC，并研究了超声处理后煅烧（LMSAC8）制备的LMSAC对铝和氟化物的吸附机理。评估了吸附动力学，等温线以及pH和竞争离子对LMSAC8吸收铝和氟化物的影响。在pH 7.0时，LMSAC8的最大铝和氟化物吸附容量分别为270.3 mg Al / g和285.7 mg F / g，远高于文献中报道的各种吸附剂。吸附高度依赖于pH，pH决定了溶液中铝和氟化物的分布。当存在普通离子时，LMSAC8在中性pH值下仍对铝和氟化物表现出良好的选择性。在五个循环之后，再生的LMSAC8的铝和氟化物吸附能力分别达到新鲜LMSAC8的80.7和77.0％。吸附实验和FT-IR分析表明，铝和氟化物的吸收可归因于复杂的过程，包括静电相互作用，通过配体交换的内球络合以及路易斯酸碱相互作用。