Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Human Infections With H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus.,Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Human Infections With H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus.
Clinical Infectious Diseases ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-19 , DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy681
Yuhai Bi _{1,

2} , Shuguang Tan _{1,

2} , Yang Yang ₂ , Gary Wong ₂ , Min Zhao ₁ , Qingchao Zhang ₃ , Qiang Wang ₂ , Xiaonan Zhao ₄ , Liqiang Li ₅ , Jing Yuan ₂ , Hao Li ₆ , Hong Li ₄ , Wen Xu ₄ , Weifeng Shi ₇ , Chuansong Quan ₈ , Rongrong Zou ₂ , Jianming Li ₂ , Haixia Zheng ₂ , Liuqing Yang ₂ , William J Liu ₈ , Di Liu ₁ , Huijun Wang ₉ , Yantao Qin ₉ , Lei Liu ₂ , Chengyu Jiang ₃ , Wenjun Liu ₁ , Lin Lu ₄ , George F Gao _{1,

2,

8,

10} , Yingxia Liu ₂

Affiliation

Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen.
State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing.
Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Shenzhen.
BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen.
Intensive Care Unit, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen.
Institute of Pathogen Biology, Taishan Medical College, Taian.
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing.
Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shangri-la.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

BACKGROUND H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused sporadic, recurring outbreaks in China and Southeast Asia since 2013, with 19 human infections and 13 deaths. Seventeen of these infections occurred since December 2015, indicating a recent rise in the frequency of H5N6 cases. METHODS To assess the relative threat of H5N6 virus to humans, we summarized and compared clinical data from patients infected with H5N6 (n = 19) against data from 2 subtypes of major public health concern, H5N1 (n = 53) and H7N9 (n = 160). To assess immune responses indicative of prognosis, we compared concentrations of serum cytokines/chemokines in patients infected with H5N6, H5N1, H7N9, and 2009 pandemic H1N1 and characterized specific immune responses from 1 surviving and 2 nonsurviving H5N6 patients. RESULTS H5N6 patients were found to have higher incidences of lymphopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels compared with H5N1 and H7N9 patients. Hypercytokinemia was detected at substantially higher frequencies from H5N6 patients compared to those infected with other AIV subtypes. Evaluation of adaptive immunity showed that both humoral and cellular responses could be detected in the H5N6-infected survivor, but cellular responses were absent in the nonsurvivors. In addition, the surviving patient had lower concentrations of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to the nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that H5N6 virus could potentially be a major public health threat, and suggest it is possible that the earlier acquisition of cellular immunity and lower concentrations of cytokines/chemokines contributed to survival in our patient. Analysis of more patient samples will be needed to draw concrete conclusions.

更新日期：2019-03-19

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