Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely applied to identify or detect illicit drugs, because of the ability for highly specific molecular fingerprint and independence of aqueous solutions impact. We summarize the progress in determination of illicit drugs using SERS, including trace illicit drugs, suspicious objects and drugs or their metabolites in real biological system (urine, saliva and so on). Even though SERS detection of illicit drugs in real samples still remains a huge challenge because of the complex unknown environment, the efficient sample separation and the improved hand-held Raman analyzer will provide the possibility to make SERS a practically analytical technique. Moreover, we put forward a prospective overview for future perspectives of SERS as a practical sensor for illicit drugs determination. Perhaps the review is not exhaustive, we expect to help researchers to understand the evolution and challenges in this field and further interest in promoting Raman and SERS as a practical analyzer for convenient and automated illicit drugs identification.

表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）由于具有高度特异性的分子指纹识别能力和水溶液影响的独立性，已被广泛应用于识别或检测违禁药物。我们总结了使用SERS测定非法药物的进展，包括在实际生物系统（尿液，唾液等）中的痕量非法药物，可疑物体和药物或其代谢物。尽管由于复杂的未知环境，SERS对真实样品中非法药物的检测仍然是一个巨大的挑战，但有效的样品分离和改进的手持式拉曼分析仪仍将使SERS成为一种实用的分析技术。此外，我们对SERS作为一种确定非法药物的实用传感器的未来前景进行了前瞻性概述。