The plant pathogenic fungus Penicillium expansum is a major concern of the global food industry due to its wide occurrence and ability to produce various mycotoxins, of which the most significant is patulin. Relatively less highlighted in the literature, in comparison with the other food-borne mycotoxins, patulin is one of the main factors in economic losses of vegetables and fruits. Otherwise, patulin is a health hazard which results in both short-term and long-term risks. This review includes knowledge on the biosynthetic mechanisms used for secondary metabolite production in P. expansum, with special emphasis on patulin biosynthesis. The abiotic factors triggering the production of patulin and the strategies developed to reduce or prevent the contamination by this mycotoxin are comprehensively discussed. The database presented in this review would be useful for the prioritization and development of future research.

中文翻译：

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扩展青霉的次生代谢：重点放在棒曲霉素研究的最新进展

植物病原性真菌扩张青霉（Penicillium expansum）是全球食品工业的主要关注点，因为它的广泛存在和生产各种霉菌毒素的能力，其中最显着的是棒曲霉素。与其他食源性霉菌毒素相比，在文献中相对较少地强调了棒曲霉素是造成蔬菜和水果经济损失的主要因素之一。否则，棒曲霉素会危害健康，导致短期和长期危险。这项审查包括有关用于P.expansum次生代谢产物的生物合成机制的知识，特别强调棒曲霉素的生物合成。引发毒素的非生物因子和产生或减少这种霉菌毒素污染的策略已得到全面讨论。这篇综述中提出的数据库将对未来研究的优先次序和发展很有用。