As discussed in the first article in this continuing medical education series, angioinvasive fungal infections pose a significant risk to immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients alike, with a potential for severe morbidity and high mortality. The first article in this series focused on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of these infections; this article discusses the diagnosis, management, and potential complications of these infections. The mainstay diagnostic tests (positive tissue culture with histologic confirmation) are often supplemented with serum biomarker assays and molecular testing (eg, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) to ensure proper speciation. When an angioinvasive fungal infection is suspected or diagnosed, further workup for visceral involvement also is essential and may partially depend on the organism. Different fungal organisms have varied susceptibilities to antifungal agents, and knowledge on optimal treatment regimens is important to avoid the potential complications associated with undertreated or untreated fungal infections.

如在该继续医学教育系列文章的第一篇文章中所讨论的那样，血管感染性真菌感染对免疫功能低下和具有免疫能力的患者均构成重大风险，有可能导致严重的发病率和高死亡率。本系列的第一篇文章重点介绍了这些感染的流行病学和临床表现。本文讨论了这些感染的诊断，处理和潜在的并发症。主流诊断测试（具有组织学确认的阳性组织培养）通常辅以血清生物标志物测定和分子测试（例如，定量聚合酶链反应分析和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱），以确保形成适当的物种。当怀疑或诊断出血管侵入性真菌感染时，内脏受累的进一步检查也是必不可少的，并且可能部分取决于生物体。不同的真菌生物体对抗真菌药的敏感性不同，因此，了解最佳治疗方案对于避免与未充分治疗或未及时治疗的真菌感染相关的潜在并发症很重要。