This study examined the literature on laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) associated with scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) research to provide an evidence base for biosafety and biocontainment. Scrub typhus LAIs were documented in 25 individuals, from 1931 to 2000 with 8 (32%) deaths during the preantibiotic era. There were 35 murine typhus LAI reports and no deaths. Results indicated that the highest-risk activities were working with infectious laboratory animals involving significant aerosol exposures, accidental self-inoculation, or bite-related infections. A risk-based biosafety approach for in vitro and in vivo culture of O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi would require that only high-risk activities (animal work or large culture volumes) be performed in high-containment biosafety level (BSL) 3 laboratories. We argue that relatively low-risk activities including inoculation of cell cultures or the early stages of in vitro growth using low volumes/low concentrations of infectious materials can be performed safely in BSL-2 laboratories within a biological safety cabinet.

中文翻译：

---

实验室获得的灌木斑疹伤寒和鼠类斑疹伤寒感染：Or虫东方ient和立克次体伤寒实验室活动基于风险的生物安全要求方法的论点。

这项研究检查了与灌木斑疹伤寒（Orientia tsutsugamushi）和鼠伤寒斑疹伤寒（Rickettsia typhi）研究相关的实验室获得性感染（LAI）的文献，为生物安全性和生物控制提供了依据。从1931年到2000年，有25例记录了斑疹伤寒LAI的发生，在前抗生素时代，有8例（32％）死亡。有35只鼠伤寒LAI报告，无死亡。结果表明，风险最高的活动是与感染性实验室动物一起工作，这些动物涉及大量气溶胶暴露，意外自我接种或与咬伤相关的感染。一种基于风险的生物安全性方法，用于O虫和拟南芥的体外和体内培养。斑疹伤寒要求仅在高安全性生物安全等级（BSL）3实验室中进行高风险活动（动物工作或大量培养）。我们认为，相对低风险的活动，包括接种细胞培养物或使用低体积/低浓度的感染性材料的体外生长的早期阶段，可以在生物安全柜内的BSL-2实验室中安全地进行。