Nitrate is an important pollutant found in environmental samples. Nitrate and nitrite pose various environmental as well as health hazards. Different methods of determining nitrate in various environmental samples developed during previous years include spectrophotometric, chemiluminescence, electrochemical detection, chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic, spectrofluorimetric methods. Out of these, methods based on spectroscopic detection of nitrate have been discussed in this review article due to their easy availability, high sensitivity, low detection limit, economical and facile nature. Methods based on spectrophotometry, Raman Spectroscopy, IR and FTIR Spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, mass spectroscopy, molecular emission cavity analysis (MECA), electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) have been reviewed. The basic principle, detection limits, detection range, RSD%, sample throughput/h, advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.

硝酸盐是在环境样品中发现的重要污染物。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对环境和健康构成了各种危害。前几年开发的各种环境样品中硝酸盐的测定方法不同，包括分光光度法，化学发光法，电化学检测法，色谱法，毛细管电泳法，荧光光谱法。其中，由于其易用性，高灵敏度，低检测限，经济和简便的性质，在本文中已讨论了基于硝酸盐光谱检测的方法。基于分光光度法，拉曼光谱，IR和FTIR光谱，原子吸收光谱（AAS），荧光光谱，化学发光，质谱，分子发射腔分析（MECA）的方法，审查了电子顺磁共振光谱（EPR）和核磁共振光谱（NMR）。讨论了基本原理，检测限，检测范围，RSD％，样品通量/小时，优缺点。