In agrivoltaic systems, photovoltaic (PV) modules are ground-mounted between crops replacing a part of greenhouse or are set below or above the cover film of greenhouse; these can provide solutions with respect to land competition and climate change mitigation. These systems have certain additional functions, namely, sunlight sharing, land sharing and power generation, as compared to the conventional agricultural production systems. These new functions are not adequately performed by traditionally used functional units (FUs), such as the mass- or the area-based FU, in agricultural life cycle assessment (LCA). Therefore, this study proposed new FUs for agrivoltaic systems, namely the modified area-based FU and the monetary-based FU. The modified area-based FU was derived by adding area covered by PV modules to the cultivated area addressing the function of land sharing. The monetary-based FU was derived by adding the prices of crops and electricity addressing the function of the system as a producer of differently valued market goods. The traditional area-based FU is based on the function of solar sharing because crop cultivation and power generation share the same sunlight falling on the same land. These new and traditional FUs were applied to a tomato greenhouse, with and without organic photovoltaics, as a case study of Japan. A combination of traditional and new FUs helps to maintain focus on crop production as the primary function of agricultural land and to better understand the environmental impacts of agrivoltaic systems. Finally, as the sharing of sunlight and land happen simultaneously, a method that addresses both these functions while reporting LCA results was considered.

在农用光伏系统中，光伏（PV）模块被地面安装在替换温室一部分的农作物之间，或者被安装在温室覆盖膜的下方或上方。这些可以提供有关土地竞争和减缓气候变化的解决方案。与常规农业生产系统相比，这些系统具有某些附加功能，即阳光共享，土地共享和发电。在农业生命周期评估（LCA）中，传统的功能单元（FU）（例如基于质量的FU和基于区域的FU）无法充分执行这些新功能。因此，本研究提出了用于农用光伏系统的新型FU，即改进的基于面积的FU和基于货币的FU。通过将光伏模块覆盖的面积添加到耕地面积中以解决土地共享的功能，可以得出经过修改的基于面积的FU。基于货币的FU是通过将农作物和电力的价格相加得出的，从而说明了该系统作为价值不同的市场产品的生产者的功能。传统的基于区域的FU基于太阳能共享的功能，因为农作物的种植和发电共享着同一土地上的相同阳光。以日本为例，将这些新的传统FU应用于有或没有有机光伏装置的番茄温室。传统和新型FU的结合有助于保持对作为农业用地主要功能的作物生产的关注，并更好地了解农业光伏系统对环境的影响。最后，