The combination of green roofs with photovoltaic (PV) panels has been proposed to provide synergistic benefits as the panel is cooled by the presence of the vegetation, and thus produces more electricity, while the solar panel enhances growing conditions for vegetation, and increases abiotic heterogeneity, resulting in higher plant diversity. We tested these hypotheses in a non-irrigated green roof in a Mediterranean climate with replicated plots including green roofs only, green roofs with a PV panel, and a conventional roof surface with a PV panel. We found that presence of a panel resulted in higher heterogeneity in substrate moisture, but there was no effect on plant diversity. Plant species showed enhanced growth in plots with PV, including greater growth of Sedum sediforme and longer flowering time of annual species. On the other hand, arthropod diversity was lower during part of the year, and abundance of some arthropod taxa was lower in green roof plots with PV. The presence of the green roof also did not improve electricity production by the panels. We conclude that in a Mediterranean climate, it would be appropriate to examine the use of irrigation in green roofs with PV panels, including effects on the plant community and on electricity production.

有人建议将绿色屋顶与光伏（PV）板结合使用，以提供协同增效作用，因为该面板由于存在植被而被冷却，从而产生更多的电力，而太阳能板则增强了植被的生长条件，并增加了非生物异质性，导致更高的植物多样性。我们在地中海气候下的非灌溉绿色屋顶上对这些假设进行了测试，其中包括仅绿色屋顶，带有PV面板的绿色屋顶以及带有PV面板的常规屋顶表面的重复样地。我们发现面板的存在导致基质水分的异质性更高，但对植物多样性没有影响。PV样地的植物种类显示出增强的生长，包括Sedum sediforme的更大生长一年生品种的开花时间更长。另一方面，在一年的部分时间内，节肢动物的多样性较低，带有PV的屋顶绿地中某些节肢动物类群的丰度较低。绿色屋顶的存在也没有改善面板的电力生产。我们得出的结论是，在地中海气候中，应该检查带有光伏面板的绿色屋顶中的灌溉使用情况，包括对植物群落和电力生产的影响。