Inflammatory responses have a pivotal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a newly recognized and potent inflammatory mediator that induces inflammatory responses in several disorders, including DN. The suppression of procytokine release and inflammatory response is integral to the prevention of complications arising from the inflammatory process. In this review, we discuss the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of DN, focusing on its effects on interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, we review the potential anti-inflammatory effects of antidiabetic drugs used in routine clinical practice, such as insulin, biguanides, Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. In addition, we discuss whether these drugs can also modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity in renal tissues.

炎症反应在糖尿病性肾病（DN）的发展中具有举足轻重的作用。含吡喃结构域的3（NLRP3）炎性小体是nod-like受体家族，是一种新近公认的有效炎症介质，可在包括DN在内的多种疾病中诱发炎症反应。抑制前细胞因子释放和炎症反应是预防由炎症过程引起的并发症所不可或缺的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了NLRP3炎性小体在DN发病机理中的作用，重点是其对白介素（IL）-1β和IL-18的影响。此外，我们回顾了常规临床实践中使用的抗糖尿病药物的潜在抗炎作用，例如胰岛素，双胍，钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂，磺酰脲类，噻唑烷二酮类，和二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）抑制剂。另外，我们讨论了这些药物是否也可以调节肾组织中的NLRP3炎性小体活性。