Abstract A series of Miocene fossil resin from the northwest part of the Czech Republic, called duxite, has been analyzed by elemental, microscopic, gas chromatography (GC/MS), pyrolysis-gas chromatography, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman techniques. The set of samples consisted of museum, contemporary and artificially altered samples. The results of GC/MS revealed fine variances in chemical structure among the samples, which could be attributed to the geologic paleosituation during resin deposition, as was verified by alteration of a sample under different conditions. Sesquiterpenes, including α-cedrene and cuparene, were identified in sample extracts and sample pyrolysates together with diterpenoid members abietanes, pimaranes, and dehydroabietanes. The distribution and intensity of functional groups of FTIR spectra also confirmed that the duxite samples were fossilised exudates from a member of the Cupressaceae conifer family. Raman spectra supported this record indicating aromatic character of duxite and higher maturity of the samples. The chemical composition indicated that duxite is a member of Class IV resins of the fossil resin classification system. Members of this group do not have a polymeric structure. This nonpolymerizable behaviour was confirmed by their excellent solubility in an organic solvent and the low softening point of the material. Our results therefore provide a valuable insight into the duxite-producing process and its potential for evaluating the geological environment and diagenetic conditions.

中文翻译：

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Duxite - 中新世树脂化石

摘要 采用元素、显微、气相色谱 (GC/MS)、热解-气相色谱、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 和拉曼技术分析了来自捷克共和国西北部的一系列中新世化石树脂，称为 duxite。 . 这组样品包括博物馆、当代和人工改造的样品。GC/MS 的结果揭示了样品之间化学结构的细微差异，这可能归因于树脂沉积过程中的地质古环境，这通过样品在不同条件下的改变得到了证实。在样品提取物和样品热解物中鉴定出倍半萜烯，包括 α-雪松烯和铜茛烯，以及二萜类成员松香烷、海松烷和脱氢松香。FTIR 光谱官能团的分布和强度也证实了杜氏石样品是柏科针叶树家族成员的化石渗出物。拉曼光谱支持这一记录，表明杜氏石的芳香特性和样品的更高成熟度。化学成分表明，都喜石是化石树脂分类系统中 IV 类树脂的成员。该组的成员没有聚合结构。这种不可聚合的行为通过它们在有机溶剂中的优异溶解性和材料的低软化点得到证实。因此，我们的研究结果为了解杜氏石生产过程及其评估地质环境和成岩条件的潜力提供了宝贵的见解。