Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a typical organophosphate ester, is frequently detected in the environment and biota samples. It has been implicated as a neurotoxin as its structure is similar to neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides. The purpose of the present study was to investigate its potential developmental neurotoxicity in fish by using zebrafish larvae as a model. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L of TPhP from 2 until 144 h post-fertilization. TPhP was found to have high bioconcentrations in zebrafish larvae after exposure. Further, it significantly reduced locomotor activity as well as the heart rate at the 100 μg/L concentration. TPhP exposure significantly altered the content of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric and histamine. Downregulation of the genes related to central nervous system development (e.g., α1-tubulin, mbp, syn2a, shha, and elavl3) as well as the corresponding proteins (e.g., α1-tubulin, mbp, and syn2a) was observed, but the gap-43 protein was found to upregulated. Finally, marked inhibition of total acetylcholinesterase activity, which is considered as a biomarker of neurotoxicant exposure, was also observed in the larvae. Our results indicate that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TPhP can affect different parameters related to center nervous system development, and thus contribute to developmental neurotoxicity in early developing zebrafish larvae.

磷酸三苯酯（TPhP）是一种典型的有机磷酸酯，经常在环境和生物区系样品中被检测到。它的结构与神经毒性有机磷酸酯农药相似，因此被认为是神经毒素。本研究的目的是通过使用斑马鱼幼虫作为模型来研究其在鱼类中潜在的发育神经毒性。斑马鱼（斑马鱼）从受精后2至144 h，将胚胎暴露于0.8、4、20和100μg/ L的TPhP中。发现TPhP在暴露后在斑马鱼幼虫中具有较高的生物浓度。此外，它在100μg/ L的浓度下显着降低了运动能力以及心率。TPhP暴露显着改变了神经递质γ-氨基丁酸和组胺的含量。下调与中枢神经系统发育相关的基因（例如，α1-微管蛋白，mbp，syn2a，shha和elavl3）和相应的蛋白质（例如，α1-微管蛋白，mbp和syn2a）被观察到，但是发现gap-43蛋白被上调。最后，在幼虫中还观察到总乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的明显抑制，这被认为是神经毒性暴露的生物标记。我们的结果表明，暴露于环境相关浓度的TPhP可能会影响与中枢神经系统发育相关的不同参数，从而有助于斑马鱼早期发育幼虫的发育神经毒性。