A hybrid electric unmanned aircraft (HEUA) uses the aerial thermal engine and energy storage system (ESS)-driven electric motor to meet the load demand, thus can be viewed as a “mobile multienergy microgrid.” Conventionally, for a given flight mission, only the energy of an HEUA is optimized while the flight speed is fixed; thus, the overall energy efficiency may be limited. This paper aims to coordinately schedule the energy consumption and the flight speed of an HEUA toward optimal economic and environmental objectives. First, a coordinated optimization model is proposed to coordinately schedule the energy consumption (including the power output of the thermal engine and the ESS) and flight speed (i.e., the true air speed) of an HEUA for simultaneously minimizing the fuel consumption (FC) and polluted gas emission (PGE). Second, a decomposition-based solution method is developed to convert the original nonlinear multiobjective optimization model into a bilevel programming model which can be solved iteratively. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the conventional single energy scheduling, the proposed coordinated scheduling method can achieve much better performance in terms of FC and PGE.

中文翻译：

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混合电动无人机微电网能量与飞行多目标协调调度


混合动力电动无人机（HEUA）利用航空热机和储能系统（ESS）驱动的电动机来满足负载需求，因此可以被视为“移动多能源微电网”。传统上，对于给定的飞行任务，在飞行速度固定的情况下，仅优化HEUA的能量；因此，整体能源效率可能受到限制。本文旨在协调调度 HEUA 的能耗和飞行速度，以实现最佳的经济和环境目标。首先，提出了协调优化模型来协调调度HEUA的能耗（包括热机和ESS的功率输出）和飞行速度（即真实空速），以同时最小化燃料消耗（FC）和污染气体排放（PGE）。其次，提出了一种基于分解的求解方法，将原始的非线性多目标优化模型转换为可迭代求解的双层规划模型。仿真结果表明，与传统的单一能源调度相比，所提出的协调调度方法在FC和PGE方面可以获得更好的性能。