The rapid growth of the field of gene editing can largely be attributed to the discovery and optimization of designer endonucleases. These include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regular interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) systems including Cas9, Cas12a, and structure-guided nucleases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have proven to be a powerful model system for genome engineering testing and applications due to their external development, high fecundity, and ease of housing. As the zebrafish gene editing toolkit continues to grow, it is becoming increasingly important to understand when and how to utilize which of these technologies for maximum efficacy in a particular project. While CRISPR-Cas9 has brought broad attention to the field of genome engineering in recent years, designer endonucleases have been utilized in genome engineering for more than two decades. This chapter provides a brief overview of designer endonuclease and other gene editing technologies in zebrafish as well as some of their known functional benefits and limitations depending on specific project goals. Finally, selected prospects for additional gene editing tools are presented, promising additional options for directed genomic programming of this versatile animal model system.

中文翻译：

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钓鱼寻求理解：解锁斑马鱼基因编辑器的工具箱


基因编辑领域的快速发展很大程度上归功于设计核酸内切酶的发现和优化。其中包括锌指核酸酶 (ZFN)、转录激活子样效应核酸酶 (TALEN) 和簇状规则散布短回文重复 (CRISPR) 系统，包括 Cas9、Cas12a 和结构引导核酸酶。斑马鱼（Danio rerio）因其外部发育、高繁殖力和易于饲养而被证明是基因组工程测试和应用的强大模型系统。随着斑马鱼基因编辑工具包的不断发展，了解何时以及如何利用这些技术在特定项目中发挥最大功效变得越来越重要。近年来，CRISPR-Cas9 引起了基因组工程领域的广泛关注，而设计核酸内切酶在基因组工程中的应用已经有二十多年了。本章简要概述了斑马鱼的设计核酸内切酶和其他基因编辑技术，以及它们的一些已知的功能优势和局限性，具体取决于具体的项目目标。最后，提出了其他基因编辑工具的选定前景，为这种多功能动物模型系统的定向基因组编程提供了更多选择。