We report the flow resistance of liquid CO₂ advancing through cold, water-saturated sandstone to mimic CO₂ storage in a shallow aquifer. Sedimentary hydrate growth is determined by resistivity, temperature, and pressure measurements. Hydrate formation in the pore space resulted in significant pressure gradients and blockage of flow under most conditions. The effect of CO₂ injection rate, initial water saturation, brine salinity, and temperature are investigated and discussed with respect to induction time and hydrate seal properties. We conclude that CO₂ hydrates consistently form an effective and robust flow barrier in sandstone aquifer under local hydrate stable conditions. Rock permeability elimination, even at low initial water saturation (36%), indicates a pore-filling morphology of flow-induced CO₂ hydrate. Flow discontinuity by hydrate formation is thus highly relevant as a sealing mechanism for storage of liquid CO₂ near the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ).

我们报告了液态CO ₂前进通过冷的，水饱和的砂岩以模拟浅层含水层中的CO ₂储存的流动阻力。沉积水合物的生长取决于电阻率，温度和压力测量值。在大多数情况下，孔隙空间中的水合物形成会导致明显的压力梯度和流动阻塞。就诱导时间和水合物封闭特性，研究和讨论了CO ₂注入速率，初始水饱和度，盐水盐度和温度的影响。我们得出结论，CO ₂在局部水合物稳定的条件下，水合物始终在砂岩含水层中形成有效而坚固的流动屏障。即使在较低的初始含水饱和度（36％）下，岩石渗透性的消除也表明了流动诱导的CO ₂水合物的孔隙填充形态。因此，由水合物形成引起的流动不连续性作为在气体水合物稳定区（GHSZ）底部附近储存液态CO ₂的密封机制极为重要。