In 2003–2005, we resurveyed and expanded plots surveyed in 1985 to examine the cumulative impact of road salt (sodium chloride) and sand along a two-lane highway in the Adirondack State Park in New York State (USA). Annual salt applications in the period 1985–2005 ranged from 50 tonnes per centerline-km (1985) to 140 tonnes (2005) and sand applications ranged from nearly zero tonnes (2005) to 325 tonnes (1985). Roadside soils and vegetation were significantly impacted by salt deposition compared to soils and vegetation 30 m and 150 m from the road. Roadside soil contained more sand, less organic matter, had a lower cation exchange capacity, was denser, and retained less water than soils 30 m and 150 m from the road. The concentration of sodium in roadside soils was elevated (103 vs. 44 ppm in soil 150 m from the roadside), and roadside concentrations of plant-nutritive cations were lower than 150 m from the road (roadside Mg, Ca and K concentrations were 0.2, 5, and 1 ppm respectively vs. 23,168, and 30 ppm at 150 m from the road). Along the roadside, paper birch trees (Betula papyrifera) and other woody vegetation present in 1980 were absent in 2004, suggesting that survival and recruitment of paper birch trees was impacted by degradation of soil fertility, deposition of road salt and aerosolization of salt from the roadway. Roadside environmental degradation caused by winter road management has worsened since 1980; revegetation with native salt-tolerant plants may provide some mitigation of the most severe effects. Overall, we conclude that the full extent of roadside environmental degradation caused by winter road management can take decades to manifest, and this may be the case more generally along cold-climate montane roadways.

在2003–2005年，我们重新调查和扩展了1985年调查的地块，以研究美国（美国）阿迪朗达克州立公园内两车道公路上道路盐（氯化钠）和沙子的累积影响。1985年至2005年期间，每年的盐施用量为每中心线公里50吨（1985年）至140吨（2005年），而沙粒的施用量则从近零吨（2005年）至325吨（1985年）。与路旁30 m和150 m处的土壤和植被相比，路边土壤和植被受盐分沉积的影响显着。与距道路30 m和150 m的土壤相比，路边的土壤含有更多的沙子，有机质较少，阳离子交换能力较低，密度更大，并且保留的水分更少。路旁土壤中的钠浓度升高（103相对于距路旁150 m的土壤中的钠为44 ppm），且道路旁的植物营养阳离子浓度低于150 m（道路旁Mg，Ca和K的浓度分别为0.2、5和1 ppm，而距离道路150 m处的浓度为23,168和30 ppm）。在路边，白桦树（桦木（Betula papyrifera）和其他木本植物在1980年不存在，这表明桦木的生存和募集受到土壤肥力退化，道路盐分沉积和道路盐分雾化的影响。自1980年以来，冬季道路管理所致的路边环境恶化情况更加严重；天然耐盐植物的植被恢复可能会减轻一些最严重的影响。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，冬季道路管理所导致的路边环境退化的全部程度可能需要数十年的时间才能显现出来，而在寒冷气候的山地车道上，情况可能更普遍。