Optimal care for hepatitis virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) would include eradication of tumor and elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Accomplishing these goals could prevent deaths from cancer or cirrhosis and reduce the likelihood of viral transmission. Tremendous progress has recently been achieved for tumor and antiviral therapies. Long-term survival from cancer was previously a rarity. Now, partial hepatectomy, liver transplant, or tumor ablation provide 5-year survival rates of 45% to 80%.¹ Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) can now prevent cirrhosis in patients with HBV and can produce cures in patients with HCV² for most patients and with little morbidity. Data are also accumulating that successful antiviral treatment reduces recurrence of cancer. In this issue of JAMA Surgery, Li et al³ examined a cohort of 2552 patients with resection of HCC and demonstrated that preresection (>90 days) effective treatment for HBV is associated with a lower tumor vascular invasion and decreased recurrence.

对肝炎病毒相关的肝细胞癌（HCC）的最佳护理将包括根除肿瘤和消除乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）或丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染。实现这些目标可以预防癌症或肝硬化死亡，并减少病毒传播的可能性。最近在肿瘤和抗病毒治疗方面取得了巨大的进步。以前，从癌症中长期生存是很罕见的。现在，部分肝切除，肝移植或肿瘤消融可提供45％至80％的5年生存率。¹直接作用抗病毒药（DAA）现在可以预防HBV患者的肝硬化并可以治愈HCV患者²对于大多数患者，几乎没有发病。越来越多的数据表明，成功的抗病毒治疗可减少癌症的复发。在本期《JAMA外科杂志》中，Li等人³审查了2552例HCC切除患者，并证明切除前（> 90天）有效治疗HBV与较低的肿瘤血管浸润和复发率相关。