Conducting sex-inclusive biomedical and clinical research is imperative to improving the health outcomes of women and men.¹ (Note that the word sex is being used rather than the term gender. Sex is the genotype that an individual is born with, and gender is the phenotype. For most research, it is the chromosomal sex of the human, animal, tissue, or cell that is important.) Recent studies have shown that most biomedical research in the field of surgery and associated topics is conducted on male animals and male cells, even when the diseases being studied are prevalent in females.² Human clinical research is challenged by a lack of sex-based reporting and sex-based analysis of study results.^3,4 Given these findings, the National Institutes of Health has asked that sex be considered as a biologic variable in all National Institutes of Health–funded research.⁵

The surgical journals whose editors are members of the Surgery Journals Editors Group will require this information in their journals. As such, defined reporting of the sex used for human, animal, tissue, and cell research in all articles published in JAMA Surgery is required.⁶ This information can be collected by self-report, administrative data, or (less commonly) genetic evaluation. If only 1 sex is studied, authors must include a justification statement as to why a single-sex study was conducted. Sex-based analysis of data for all human, animal, tissue, and cell research is also required.

Additional Information: A version of this Editorial will be published by many journals whose editors are members of the Surgery Journals Editors Group. The Surgery Journal Editors Group is composed of editors from 74 international, surgery-associated journals who meet once a year at the annual meeting of the American College of Surgeons and discuss concerns common among surgery journals.

ç onducting性别包容性的生物医学和临床研究的当务之急是提高男女的健康结果。¹（请注意，使用的是性别一词，而不是性别一词。性别是与生俱来的基因型，性别是表型。在大多数研究中，性别是人类，动物，组织，最近的研究表明，外科手术及相关主题中的大多数生物医学研究都是针对雄性动物和雄性细胞进行的，即使所研究的疾病在雌性中很普遍。²缺乏基于性别的报告和对研究结果的基于性别的分析，给人类临床研究带来了挑战。^{3 ，4}鉴于这些发现，美国国立卫生研究院已要求在所有美国国立卫生研究院资助的研究中将性别视为生物变量。⁵

编辑是外科期刊编辑组成员的外科期刊将在其期刊中要求此信息。因此，需要在JAMA Surgery中发表的所有文章中明确报告用于人类，动物，组织和细胞研究的性别。⁶这些信息可以通过自我报告，管理数据或（较少见的）遗传评估来收集。如果仅研究一种性别，则作者必须提供关于为何进行单性研究的理由说明。还需要对所有人类，动物，组织和细胞研究进行基于性别的数据分析。

附加信息：该社论的版本将由许多期刊出版，这些期刊的编辑是《外科杂志》编辑组的成员。外科杂志编辑小组由来自74个与外科相关的国际期刊的编辑组成，他们每年在美国外科医生学会年会上开会一次，讨论外科期刊中常见的问题。