The field of prostate cancer has been the subject of extensive research that has resulted in important discoveries and shaped our appreciation of this disease and its management. Advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, natural history, anatomy, detection, diagnosis, grading, staging, imaging, and management of prostate cancer have changed clinical practice and influenced guideline recommendations. The development of the Gleason score and subsequent modifications enabled accurate prediction of prognosis. Increased anatomical understanding and improved surgical techniques resulted in the development of nerve-sparing surgery for radical prostatectomy. The advent of active surveillance has changed the management of low-risk disease, and chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have improved the outcomes of patients with distant disease. Ongoing research and clinical trials are expected to yield more practice-changing results in the near future.

前列腺癌领域一直是广泛研究的主题，已导致重要发现并塑造了我们对这种疾病及其治疗方法的欣赏。我们对流行病学，自然史，解剖学，检测，诊断，分级，分期，成像和管理前列腺癌的了解的进步改变了临床实践并影响了指南建议。格里森评分的发展和随后的修改使得能够准确预测预后。越来越多的解剖学理解和改良的外科手术技术导致了根治性前列腺切除术的神经保护手术的发展。主动监视的出现改变了低危疾病的管理，化学疗法和激素疗法改善了远处疾病患者的预后。