Resins are one of the first sites of interaction between plants and biotic and abiotic factors. Despite their evident morphological and chemical differentiation from other plant organs, the detailed correlation between resins and biological or environmental factors is not yet clear. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-based profiling techniques were applied to the metabolic characterisation of plant resins of different species and season of collection, using samples from five different species that were collected during early and late spring. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed the main metabolic groups in the resins to be terpenoids and further GC-MS analysis revealed a notable chemical variation between the species and collection periods. Abies grandis displayed a significant differentiation from the other species, showing a higher number of monoterpenes. The HPTLC-based profiling method hyphenated with multivariate data analysis (MVDA) also showed a clear separation confirming the GC-MS terpenoidal profiling results. Additionally, the unknown compounds were obtained by preparative TLC for identification. Based on the results of the three analytical platforms, it was concluded that the major difference in chemical composition of pine species was between species rather than the collection period. Nonetheless, the chemical profiles of resins from different species and collection periods can be well discriminated and correlated to mono- and sesquiterpenes in the case of species and diterpenes for the collection periods.

中文翻译：

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使用多种分析平台对松脂进行代谢鉴别

树脂是植物与生物和非生物因素相互作用的第一个部位。尽管它们与其他植物器官有明显的形态和化学差异，但树脂与生物或环境因素之间的详细相关性尚不清楚。本研究将 1H 核磁共振 (NMR)、气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS) 和基于高效薄层色谱 (HPTLC) 的分析技术应用于不同物种植物树脂的代谢表征和收集季节，使用来自早春和晚春收集的五种不同物种的样本。1H NMR 分析证实树脂中的主要代谢基团是萜类化合物，进一步的 GC-MS 分析揭示了物种和收集期之间的显着化学变化。大冷杉显示出与其他物种的显着差异，显示出更多数量的单萜。基于 HPTLC 的分析方法与多变量数据分析 (MVDA) 相结合，也显示出清晰的分离，证实了 GC-MS 萜类分析结果。此外，未知化合物通过制备型薄层色谱获得用于鉴定。根据三个分析平台的结果，得出结论，松树物种化学成分的主要差异在于物种之间，而不是采集时期。尽管如此，