Environmental benign approach for extraction of essential oil was made. An essential oil rich in citronellol, linalool and citronellal was extracted from the leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus using a clean hybrid extraction technique, sono hydrodistillation Sono hydrodistillation combines ultrasonic waves along with conventional hydrodistillation process to have symbiotic outcomes in terms of process improvement. Significant process parameters such as size of the plant material, extraction time, power, ultrasound amplitude, pulse interval and solid loading were investigated independently to study the effect on yield of oil and composition of oil. The water residue remained after extraction of volatile oil was analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) which would help in assessing the residue as a useful byproduct. Substantial reduction in time was observed with the inclusion of ultrasound compared to conventional hydrodistillation. Further, to optimize the extraction conditions, observe interactive effects of various parameters and develop mathematical model, response surface methodology was employed. The maximum yield of oil was found to be 4.118 % at 21 min extraction time, 5 g solid loading, 250 mL water volume, 500 W heating mantle power, 70 % ultrasonic amplitude and 10:50 pulse interval. Total phenolic content was 13.84 mg GAE/g DM. The citronella oil was found to be composed of 27.47 % of linalool, 11.52 % of citronellal, 34.25 % citronellol and 11.15 % of elemol. Extraction time, solid loading and pulse interval had the significant influence on the yield of oil and total phenolic contents. Microscopic analysis has assisted in envisaging the probable mechanism indicating the role of sonication for rapid extraction. This novel technique was compared with the conventional hydrodistillation to ascertain the impact towards process intensification. Sono hydrodistillation was found to be a greener and cleaner process as energy consumption has been reduced by 40% while carbon footprint has shrunken by 47%.

提出了提取精油的环境友好方法。从冬凌草的叶子中提取出富含香茅酚，芳樟醇和香茅醛的香精油。使用清洁的混合萃取技术，进行声波加氢蒸馏声波加氢蒸馏将超声波与常规加氢蒸馏过程结合在一起，从而在工艺改进方面产生共生效果。独立研究重要的工艺参数，例如植物材料的大小，提取时间，功率，超声幅度，脉冲间隔和固体负载，以研究对油产量和油成分的影响。使用Folin-Ciocalteu方法分析提取挥发油后残留的残留水，以确定总酚含量（TPC），这将有助于评估残留物是否为有用的副产物。与常规加氢蒸馏相比，加入超声波可显着减少时间。此外，为了优化提取条件，观察各种参数的交互作用并建立数学模型，并采用响应面方法。发现在21分钟的萃取时间，5 g的固体负载，250 mL的水量，500 W的加热套功率，70％的超声振幅和10:50的脉冲间隔下，油的最大产率为4.118％。总酚含量为13.84 mg GAE / g DM。发现香茅油由27.47％的芳樟醇，11.52％的香茅醛，34.25％的香茅醇和11.15％的香茅酚组成。萃取时间，固含量和脉冲间隔对油的收率和总酚含量有显着影响。显微镜分析有助于设想可能的机理，该机理表明超声处理对快速提取的作用。将该新技术与常规加氢蒸馏进行了比较，以确定对工艺强化的影响。发现Sono加氢蒸馏是一种更绿色，更清洁的过程，因为能耗降低了40％，而碳足迹减少了47％。