Background

Meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires a relatively rapid transition towards a circular economy. Therefore, a multidisciplinary perspective is required to sketch why a transition from diets based primarily on animal proteins towards diets based primarily on plant proteins products is extremely urgent for both food security and sustainability.

Scope and approach

This review starts out by identifying ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainable food consumption. Subsequently, it is argued how protein supply is underlying and linking the top-3 of anthropogenic impacts based on the planetary boundaries concept, i.e. 1) biodiversity loss, 2) nitrogen cycle acceleration, and 3) carbon cycle acceleration (resulting in climate change). These environmental impacts associated with current Western food consumption need to be reduced urgently. In order to address the inefficiencies inherent to current dietary patterns, therefore, a ranked list of more sustainable options is proposed, based on their order of magnitude. Addressing consumers, industry, and governmental stakeholders plus cultural aspects, challenges and options are sketched.

Key findings and conclusions

Clearly, a dietary transition from primarily animal towards plant protein products is required. Fortunately, new dietary guidelines are increasingly taking sustainability into account and the contours of a diet transition are slowly emerging.

中文翻译：

---

下一个蛋白质过渡

背景

要实现联合国的可持续发展目标，就需要相对快速地向循环经济过渡。因此，需要有一个多学科的观点来概述为什么从主要基于动物蛋白的饮食向主要基于植物蛋白产品的饮食过渡对于食品安全和可持续发展都非常迫切。

范围和方法

这篇综述从确定可持续食品消费的生态，经济和社会方面开始。随后，人们争论了蛋白质供应是如何构成的，并基于行星边界的概念将人为影响的前三位联系起来，即1）生物多样性丧失，2）氮循环加速和3）碳循环加速（导致气候变化） 。与当前西方食品消费相关的这些环境影响需要紧急减少。因此，为了解决当前饮食模式固有的效率低下问题，根据其数量级，提出了更多可持续选择的排名列表。勾画了与消费者，行业和政府利益相关者的对话，以及文化方面，挑战和选择。

主要发现和结论

显然，需要从主要的动物到植物蛋白产品的饮食过渡。幸运的是，新的饮食指南越来越多地考虑到可持续性，并且饮食过渡的轮廓正在慢慢出现。