Background

Meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires a relatively rapid transition towards a circular economy. Therefore, a multidisciplinary perspective is required to sketch why a transition from diets based primarily on animal proteins towards diets based primarily on plant proteins products is extremely urgent for both food security and sustainability.

Scope and approach

This review starts out by identifying ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainable food consumption. Subsequently, it is argued how protein supply is underlying and linking the top-3 of anthropogenic impacts based on the planetary boundaries concept, i.e. 1) biodiversity loss, 2) nitrogen cycle acceleration, and 3) carbon cycle acceleration (resulting in climate change). These environmental impacts associated with current Western food consumption need to be reduced urgently. In order to address the inefficiencies inherent to current dietary patterns, therefore, a ranked list of more sustainable options is proposed, based on their order of magnitude. Addressing consumers, industry, and governmental stakeholders plus cultural aspects, challenges and options are sketched.

Key findings and conclusions

Clearly, a dietary transition from primarily animal towards plant protein products is required. Fortunately, new dietary guidelines are increasingly taking sustainability into account and the contours of a diet transition are slowly emerging.

中文翻译：

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下一个蛋白质转变

 背景

实现联合国可持续发展目标需要相对快速地向循环经济转型。因此，需要从多学科的角度来阐述为什么从主要基于动物蛋白的饮食向主要基于植物蛋白产品的饮食的转变对于粮食安全和可持续发展来说是极其紧迫的。

 范围和方法

本次审查首先确定可持续食品消费的生态、经济和社会方面。随后，根据地球边界概念，讨论了蛋白质供应如何成为基础并与前三名人为影响联系起来，即1）生物多样性丧失，2）氮循环加速，3）碳循环加速（导致气候变化） 。迫切需要减少与当前西方食品消费相关的这些环境影响。因此，为了解决当前饮食模式固有的低效率问题，根据其数量级提出了更可持续的选择的排名列表。概述了针对消费者、行业和政府利益相关者以及文化方面的挑战和选择。

主要发现和结论

显然，饮食结构需要从主要动物蛋白产品转向植物蛋白产品。幸运的是，新的饮食指南越来越多地考虑可持续性，饮食转型的轮廓正在慢慢显现。