BACKGROUND Little is known about the food acquisition and shopping habits of residents living in food deserts. OBJECTIVE To identify distinct food acquisition and shopping patterns among residents, most of whom (81%) live in food desert (low income and low access) census tracts, and characterize these patterns with respect to the residents' socioeconomic status, nutrition knowledge, and perceptions of their food environment. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Four hundred sixty-six primary food shoppers were included from two counties in South Carolina during 2013-2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants' self-reported food acquisition and shopping habits, including shopping distance; frequency; store type; transportation mode; use of farmers' markets, food banks/pantries, and church/social service organizations, were used to develop shopping patterns and group residents. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation, food security, income, and education, nutrition knowledge, and perceptions of the food environment were used to characterize these groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify and characterize patterns, respectively. RESULTS Three patterns were identified, including those who use community food resources, are infrequent grocery shoppers, and use someone else's car or public transportation when shopping (Class 1) (35%), those who use community food resources and are more frequent and proximal shoppers (Class 2) (41%), and those who do not use community food resources and are distal shoppers (Class 3) (24%). Compared with Class 3, Class 1 had comparatively lower socioeconomic status. Class 2 also had comparatively lower socioeconomic attributes except for income. Class 2 was not significantly different from Class 1 except that a higher proportion in Class 1 saw food access as a problem. No significant differences across classes were found regarding fruit and vegetable recommendation knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Shopping frequency, use of community food resources, transportation methods, and shopping distance were the key factors that defined distinct patterns among residents living in low-income areas. Future interventions to increase healthy food access in underserved areas should not only consider accessibility but also community food resource use.

中文翻译：

---

南卡罗来纳州低收入和交通不便社区居民的食品采购和购物模式

背景技术人们对生活在食物荒漠中的居民的食物获取和购物习惯知之甚少。目标 确定居民中不同的食物获取和购物模式，其中大多数 (81%) 生活在食物荒漠（低收入和低获取机会）的人口普查区，并根据居民的社会经济地位、营养知识和对他们的饮食环境的看法。设计 这是一项横断面研究。参与者/环境 2013 年至 2014 年期间，来自南卡罗来纳州两个县的 466 名主要食品购物者被纳入其中。主要成果指标参与者自我报告的食物获取和购物习惯，包括购物距离；频率; 商店类型；运输方式；利用农贸市场、食品银行/食品储藏室和教堂/社会服务组织来发展购物模式和团体居民。补充营养援助计划的参与、粮食安全、收入和教育、营养知识以及对食品环境的看法被用来描述这些群体的特征。执行的统计分析 潜在类别分析和多项逻辑回归分别用于识别和表征模式。结果确定了三种模式，包括使用社区食品资源的人、不常去杂货店购物的人、购物时使用别人的汽车或公共交通工具的人（1 类）（35%）、使用社区食品资源且更频繁和更接近的人购物者（2 类）（41%），以及不使用社区食品资源且属于远端购物者（3 类）（24%）。与3班相比，1班的社会经济地位相对较低。除收入外，第二类的社会经济属性也相对较低。第 2 类与第 1 类没有显着差异，只是第 1 类中有较高比例的人认为食物获取是一个问题。在水果和蔬菜推荐知识方面，各班级之间没有发现显着差异。结论 购物频率、社区食品资源的使用、交通方式和购物距离是定义低收入地区居民不同模式的关键因素。未来增加服务欠缺地区健康食品获取的干预措施不仅应考虑可及性，还应考虑社区食品资源的使用。