The following paper summarizes the findings of a pilot study to develop a simple, low-cost, holistic water concept on fluoride removal from groundwater in rural communities of Tanzania; an ideal representative community for other areas in the world with similar problems. A small photovoltaic powered nanofiltration (NF) pilot plant was installed at a vocational training center in Boma’ngombe in northern Tanzania. The groundwater in this region is contaminated with fluoride at very high concentrations of up to 60 mg/L. The pilot plant was equipped with a single membrane module containing a spiral wound 4040 membrane NF90 of Dow Water & Process Solutions and was successfully operated over a nine-month period.

The membrane removed more than 98.8% of fluoride. In fact, the fluoride concentration in the permeate was always less than 1 mg/L, which is in agreement with the WHO recommended standard (1.5 mg/L) and allowed its use as as weekly flush medium, so no chemical cleaning was required. Aside from permeate (drinking water) concentrate was also used for washing and flushing the toilets. In conclusion, the use of solar PV power (2.25 KW_P) for approximately 2.5 hours per day allowed producing 236 L/h of permeate on average. Therefore, the sustainability of the process and suitability for the Tanzanian communities was proved.

以下论文总结了一项初步研究的结果，该研究旨在开发简单，低成本，整体的水概念来改善坦桑尼亚农村社区地下水中的氟化物；一个理想的具有代表性的社区，可以解决世界上其他类似问题的地区。一个小型的光伏纳滤（NF）中试工厂安装在坦桑尼亚北部波马贡博格的职业培训中心。该地区的地下水被氟化物污染，浓度高达60 mg / L。中试工厂配备了单个膜组件，该组件包含Dow Water＆Process Solutions的螺旋缠绕4040膜NF90，已成功运行了9个月。

膜去除了超过98.8％的氟化物。实际上，渗透液中的氟化物浓度始终小于1 mg / L，这与WHO推荐的标准（1.5 mg / L）相符，并且可以用作每周冲洗介质，因此不需要化学清洁。除渗透液（饮用水）外，浓缩液还用于洗手和冲水马桶。总之，每天使用太阳能光伏发电（2.25 KW _P）约2.5小时，平均产生236升/小时的渗透液。因此，证明了该过程的可持续性和坦桑尼亚社区的适用性。