Invasive alien species are a well-recognised driver of social-ecological change globally. Much research has focused on ecological impacts, but the role of invasive species for livelihoods and human well-being is less well known. Understanding the effects (benefits and costs) of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being is important for guiding policy formulation and management. Here we review the literature on the role of invasive species in livelihoods to assess what is known, identify knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for future research. Literature was collected using key word searches and included both journal publications and grey literature. Slightly less than half (48%) of species studied had both substantial positive and negative impacts on local livelihoods (e.g. Australian Acacia spp. species; Camelus dromedaries; Lantana camara; Prosopis spp.), with 37% inducing mainly costs (Chromolaena odorata; Lissachatina fulica; Opuntia stricta) and 16% producing mainly benefits (Opuntia ficus-indica; Acacia spp.). Some species, such as Acacia dealbata, fell into different categories depending on the social-ecological context. Key benefits or services included the provision of fuelwood, fodder, timber and food products for local households communities and to a lesser extent supporting and regulating services such as soil improvement and shade. A number of species also provided cultural services such as recreation and spiritual values and provided many with an opportunity to earn a cash income. However, invasive species also harm livelihoods and increase vulnerability through encroaching on land and reducing mobility or access. They can also decrease the supply of natural resources used by households and reduce agricultural production (livestock and/or crops) which can result in losses of income and increased vulnerability. Furthermore, some invasive species were seen to have negative implications for human health and safety and reduce the cultural value of landscapes. Economic impacts on livelihoods as a result of invasive species were highly variable and very dependent on the social-ecological contexts. These negative implications can reduce resilience and adaptive capacity of households and communities thus increasing their vulnerability to change. Drawing on case studies we highlight that efforts for managing invasive species need to safeguard livelihood benefits while mitigating negative impacts. In concluding we highlight future research and policy needs on the topic of invasive species, livelihoods and human well-being.

外来入侵物种是全球公认的社会生态变化驱动力。许多研究都集中在生态影响上，但对于外来入侵物种在生计和人类福祉方面的作用知之甚少。了解入侵物种对生计和人类福祉的影响（收益和成本）对于指导政策制定和管理非常重要。在这里，我们回顾了有关入侵物种在生计中的作用的文献，以评估已知知识，发现知识差距并为今后的研究提供建议。使用关键词搜索收集文献，包括期刊出版物和灰色文献。略少于一半（48％）的物种对当地生计有正面和负面影响（例如，澳大利亚洋槐）spp。物种; 骆驼单峰骆驼；马tana丹卡马拉; （Prosopis spp。），其中37％主要诱导成本（Chromolaena odorata; Lissachatina fulica; Opuntia stricta），而16％主要产生成本（Opuntia ficus-indica ; Acacia spp。）。一些物种，例如相思树根据社会生态环境分为不同的类别。主要收益或服务包括为当地家庭社区提供薪柴，饲料，木材和食品，并在较小程度上支持和调节土壤改良和遮荫等服务。许多物种还提供了娱乐和精神价值等文化服务，并为许多物种提供了赚取现金收入的机会。然而，入侵物种还通过侵占土地和减少流动性或获取而损害生计并增加脆弱性。它们还可以减少家庭使用的自然资源的供应，并减少农业生产（牲畜和/或农作物），这可能导致收入损失和脆弱性增加。此外，一些入侵物种被认为对人类健康和安全有负面影响，并降低了景观的文化价值。入侵物种对生计的经济影响是高度可变的，并且非常依赖于社会生态环境。这些负面影响会降低家庭和社区的适应力和适应能力，从而增加其改变的脆弱性。在案例研究中，我们强调指出，管理入侵物种的工作需要在减轻负面影响的同时维护生计利益。最后，我们重点介绍了有关入侵物种，生计和人类福祉的未来研究和政策需求。入侵物种对生计的经济影响是高度可变的，并且非常依赖于社会生态环境。这些负面影响会降低家庭和社区的适应力和适应能力，从而增加其改变的脆弱性。在案例研究中，我们强调指出，管理入侵物种的工作需要在减轻负面影响的同时维护生计利益。最后，我们重点介绍了有关入侵物种，生计和人类福祉的未来研究和政策需求。入侵物种对生计的经济影响是高度可变的，并且非常依赖于社会生态环境。这些负面影响会降低家庭和社区的适应力和适应能力，从而增加其改变的脆弱性。在案例研究中，我们强调指出，管理入侵物种的工作需要在减轻负面影响的同时维护生计利益。最后，我们重点介绍了有关入侵物种，生计和人类福祉的未来研究和政策需求。在案例研究中，我们强调指出，管理入侵物种的工作需要在减轻负面影响的同时维护生计利益。最后，我们重点介绍了有关入侵物种，生计和人类福祉的未来研究和政策需求。在案例研究中，我们强调指出，管理入侵物种的工作需要在减轻负面影响的同时维护生计利益。最后，我们重点介绍了有关入侵物种，生计和人类福祉的未来研究和政策需求。