A previously unexplored property of two-dimensional electronic materials is their ability to graft electronic functionality onto colloidal particles to access local hydrodynamics in fluids to impart mobility and enter spaces inaccessible to larger electronic systems. Here, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of fully autonomous state machines built onto SU-8 particles powered by a two-dimensional material-based photodiode. The on-board circuit connects a chemiresistor circuit element and a memristor element, enabling the detection and storage of information after aerosolization, hydrodynamic propulsion to targets over 0.6 m away, and large-area surface sensing of triethylamine, ammonia and aerosolized soot in inaccessible locations. An incorporated retroreflector design allows for facile position location using laser-scanning optical detection. Such state machines may find widespread application as probes in confined environments, such as the human digestive tract, oil and gas conduits, chemical and biosynthetic reactors, and autonomous environmental sensors.

二维电子材料以前无法开发的性质是其将电子功能接枝到胶体颗粒上以访问流体中的局部流体动力学的能力，以赋予其流动性并进入较大的电子系统无法进入的空间。在这里，我们演示了基于二维材料基于光电二极管的SU-8粒子上构建的完全自治状态机的设计和制造。车载电路连接了化学电阻电路元件和忆阻器元件，可在雾化后检测和存储信息，对距离超过0.6 m的目标进行流体动力推进，并在无法接近的位置进行大面积的三乙胺，氨和雾化烟灰的表面感测。内置的后向反射器设计允许使用激光扫描光学检测器进行轻松的位置定位。这种状态机可能在诸如人类消化道，石油和天然气管道，化学和生物合成反应器以及自主环境传感器之类的密闭环境中作为探针而得到广泛应用。