Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a range of mental health, neurocognitive and functional problems. Although the diagnosis is based on descriptions of behaviour, individuals with ADHD characteristically describe excessive spontaneous mind wandering (MW). MW in individuals with ADHD reflects constant mental activity which lacks topic stability and content consistency. Based on this review of the neural correlates of ADHD and MW, we outline a new perspective on ADHD: the MW hypothesis. We propose that altered deactivation of the default mode network, and dysfunctional interaction with the executive control network, leads to excessive and spontaneous MW, which underpins symptoms and impairments of ADHD. We highlight that processes linked to the normal neural regulation of MW (context regulation, sensory decoupling, salience thresholds) are deficient in ADHD. MW-related measures could serve as markers of the disease process, as MW can be experimentally manipulated, as well as measured using rating scales, and experience sampling during both cognitive tasks and daily life. MW may therefore be a potential endophenotype.

注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种常见的神经发育障碍，与一系列心理健康、神经认知和功能问题相关。尽管诊断是基于行为描述，但多动症患者的特征是过度自发走神（MW）。 ADHD 患者的 MW 反映了持续的心理活动，缺乏主题稳定性和内容一致性。基于对 ADHD 和 MW 神经相关性的回顾，我们概述了 ADHD 的新观点：MW 假说。我们认为，改变默认模式网络的失活以及与执行控制网络的功能失调的相互作用，会导致过度和自发的 MW，从而加剧 ADHD 的症状和损伤。我们强调，与 MW 正常神经调节相关的过程（情境调节、感觉解耦、显着阈值）在 ADHD 中存在缺陷。与 MW 相关的测量可以作为疾病过程的标记，因为 MW 可以通过实验操作，也可以使用评级量表进行测量，并在认知任务和日常生活中进行经验采样。因此，MW 可能是一种潜在的内表型。