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Cordierite honeycomb monoliths coated with Al(III)/ZrO 2 as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation: A faster kinetics
Arabian Journal of Chemistry ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.07.005
S.R. Pratap , S.Z.M. Shamshuddin , N. Thimmaraju , M. Shyamsundar

Abstract Al(III)/ZrO 2 with 5–25 wt% Al(III) was coated on honeycomb monoliths by dip & dry technique and were also prepared in their powder forms for the purpose of comparison. These prepared catalysts were characterized for their total acidity, crystallinity, and morphology. The catalytic activity of Al(III)/ZrO 2 was examined in 3 different modes of heating, i.e., conventional, ultrasonic, and microwave. The effect of calcination temperature of the catalyst, poisoning of acid sites of the catalyst by adsorbing pyridine adsorption on the physico-chemical properties and the catalytic activity was also studied. The results indicated that the microwave heating mode shows highest catalytic activity when compared to either ultrasonic or conventional modes. The honeycomb form of the catalysts shows almost 1.2 fold time increase in their catalytic activity when compared to their powder forms. Pre-adsorption studies disclose that the Knoevenagel condensation reaction obeys the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type which involves chemisorptions of both of the reactants. A faster kinetic study confirms that monolithic catalysts [15Z-A (CHM)] possess the least energy of activation (35.6 kJ/mol) while their powder forms analogs [15Z-A (PFM)] posses highest activation energy (59.2 kJ/mol) correspondingly with a shorter reaction time indicating that monolithic catalysts are highly efficient compared to their powder forms. Reusability tests pertaining to both calcined and uncalcined catalysts authenticates that calcination enhances catalytic activity with the augmentation of catalytically active sites.

中文翻译:

涂有 Al(III)/ZrO 2 的堇青石蜂窝整料作为 Knoevenagel 缩合的有效且可重复使用的催化剂:更快的动力学

摘要 Al(III)/ZrO 2 与 5–25 wt% Al(III) 通过浸干技术涂覆在蜂窝整料上,并以粉末形式制备以进行比较。这些制备的催化剂的特征在于它们的总酸度、结晶度和形态。Al(III)/ZrO 2 的催化活性在 3 种不同的加热模式下进行了检查,即常规、超声波和微波。还研究了催化剂的煅烧温度、吸附吡啶吸附使催化剂酸性位中毒对理化性质和催化活性的影响。结果表明,与超声波或传统模式相比,微波加热模式显示出最高的催化活性。催化剂的蜂窝形式显示几乎为 1。与粉末形式相比,它们的催化活性增加了 2 倍。预吸附研究表明 Knoevenagel 缩合反应遵循 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 类型,其中涉及两种反应物的化学吸附。一项更快的动力学研究证实,整体催化剂 [15Z-A (CHM)] 具有最低的活化能 (35.6 kJ/mol),而其粉末形式的类似物 [15Z-A (PFM)] 具有最高的活化能 (59.2 kJ/mol) ) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。预吸附研究表明 Knoevenagel 缩合反应遵循 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 类型,其中涉及两种反应物的化学吸附。一项更快的动力学研究证实,整体催化剂 [15Z-A (CHM)] 具有最低的活化能 (35.6 kJ/mol),而其粉末形式的类似物 [15Z-A (PFM)] 具有最高的活化能 (59.2 kJ/mol) ) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。预吸附研究表明 Knoevenagel 缩合反应遵循 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 类型,其中涉及两种反应物的化学吸附。一项更快的动力学研究证实,整体催化剂 [15Z-A (CHM)] 具有最低的活化能 (35.6 kJ/mol),而其粉末形式的类似物 [15Z-A (PFM)] 具有最高的活化能 (59.2 kJ/mol) ) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。一项更快的动力学研究证实,整体催化剂 [15Z-A (CHM)] 具有最低的活化能 (35.6 kJ/mol),而其粉末形式的类似物 [15Z-A (PFM)] 具有最高的活化能 (59.2 kJ/mol) ) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。一项更快的动力学研究证实,整体催化剂 [15Z-A (CHM)] 具有最低的活化能 (35.6 kJ/mol),而其粉末形式的类似物 [15Z-A (PFM)] 具有最高的活化能 (59.2 kJ/mol) ) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。2 kJ/mol) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。2 kJ/mol) 相应地具有更短的反应时间,表明整体催化剂与其粉末形式相比是高效的。与煅烧和未煅烧催化剂有关的可重复使用性测试证明,煅烧通过增加催化活性位点来增强催化活性。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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