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Gallium Hydrides and O/N‐Donors as Tunable Systems in C−F Bond Activation
Chemistry - An Asian Journal ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-08-31 , DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801030
Alma D. Jaeger 1 , Ruben Walter 1 , Christian Ehm 2 , Dieter Lentz 1
Affiliation  

The gallium hydrides (iBu)2GaH (1 a), LiGaH4 (1 b) and Me3N⋅GaH3 (1 c) hydrodefluorinate vinylic and aromatic C−F bonds when O and N donor molecules are present. 1 b exhibits the highest reactivity. Quantitative conversion to the hydrodefluorination (HDF) products could be observed for hexafluoropropene and 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene, 94 % conversion of pentafluoropyridine and 49 % of octafluorotoluene. Whereas for the HDF with 1 b high conversions are observed when catalytic amounts of O donor molecules are added, for 1 a, the addition of N donor molecules lead to higher conversions. The E/Z selectivity of the HDF of 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene is donor‐dependent. DFT studies show that HDF proceeds in this case via the gallium hydride dimer–donor species and a hydrometallation/elimination sequence. Selectivities are sensitive to the choice of donor, as the right donor can lead to an on/off switching during catalysis, that is, the hydrometallation step is accelerated by the presence of a donor, but the donor dissociates prior to elimination, allowing the inherently more selective donorless gallium systems to determine the selectivity.

中文翻译:

镓氢化物和O / N供体作为C-F键激活中的可调系统

当存在O和N供体分子时,氢化镓(i Bu)2 GaH(1a),LiGaH 41b)和Me 3 N·GaH 31c)加氢脱氟乙烯基和芳族CF键。1b显示出最高的反应性。对于六氟丙烯和1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烯,五氟吡啶94%的转化率和49%的八氟甲苯,可以观察到向加氢脱氟(HDF)产物的定量转化。当添加催化量的O供体分子时,对于1b的HDF观察到高转化率,对于1a,N供体分子的添加导致更高的转化率。1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烯的HDF的E / Z选择性取决于供体。DFT研究表明,在这种情况下,HDF通过氢化镓二聚体-施主物种和加氢金属化/消除序列进行。选择性对给体的选择敏感,因为正确的给体会导致催化过程中的开/关切换,也就是说,加氢金属化步骤会由于给体的存在而加速,但给体在消除前会解离,从而固有地更具选择性的无供体镓系统来确定选择性。
更新日期:2018-08-31
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