Cloaked Exosomes: Biocompatible, Durable, and Degradable Encapsulation,Small

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Cloaked Exosomes: Biocompatible, Durable, and Degradable Encapsulation
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-19 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802052
Sumit Kumar ₁ , Issac J. Michael _{1,

2} , Juhee Park ₁ , Steve Granick ₁ , Yoon-Kyoung Cho _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Exosomes—nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally secreted from cells—have emerged as promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic vehicles, but methods to manipulate them for engineering purposes remain elusive. Among the technical obstacles are the small size and surface complexity of exosomes and the complex processing steps required, which reduce the biocompatibility of currently available methods. The encapsulation of exosomes with a nanofilm of supramolecular complexes of ferric ions (Fe³⁺) and tannic acid is demonstrated here. The resulting natural polyphenol, ≈10 nm thick, protects exosomes from external aggressors such as UV‐C irradiation or heat and is controllably degraded on demand. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles can be covalently attached for single‐exosome level visualization. To fully exploit their therapeutic potential, chemotherapeutic drug‐loaded EVs are functionalized to achieve the targeted, selective killing of cancer cells preferentially over normal cells. This nanofilm not only preserves the native size and chemical makeup of the intrinsic exosomes, but also confers new capabilities for efficient tumor targeting and pH‐controlled release of drugs. Demonstrating a scalable method to produce biocompatible, durable, on‐demand degradable, and chemically controllable shields for exosome modification and functionalization, the methods introduced here are expected to bring the potential of exosome‐based nanomedicine applications closer to reality.

中文翻译：

隐蔽的外泌体：生物相容，耐用和可降解的封装

外来体-从细胞自然分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡（EVs）已经作为有前途的生物标志物和潜在的治疗载体出现，但为工程目的操纵它们的方法仍然难以捉摸。技术障碍包括外泌体的小尺寸和表面复杂性以及所需的复杂加工步骤，这降低了当前可用方法的生物相容性。用三价铁离子超分子复合物（Fe ³⁺），并在此处展示了单宁酸。生成的天然多酚（约10纳米厚）可保护外泌体免受外部干扰物（例如UV-C辐射或热）的侵蚀，并根据需要可控地降解。此外，金纳米颗粒可以共价结合，用于单外体水平的可视化。为了充分发挥其治疗潜能，对功能强大的化疗药物加载的电动汽车进行功能化，以实现靶向性，选择性杀死癌细胞的优先于正常细胞的功能。这种纳米膜不仅保留了固有外来体的天然大小和化学组成，而且还赋予了有效靶向肿瘤和pH控制药物释放的新功能。展示了一种可扩展的方法来生产生物相容的，耐用的，按需降解的，

更新日期：2018-07-19

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